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<p>Skyrmions, topologically non-trivial localized spin structures, are fertile ground for exploring emergent phenomena in condensed matter physics and next-generation magnetic-memory technologies. Although magnetics and optics readily lend themselves to two-dimensional realizations of spin texture, only recently have breakthroughs brought forth three-dimensional (3D) magnetic skyrmions, whereas their optical counterparts have eluded observation to date because their realization requires precise control over the spatiotemporal spectrum. Here, we demonstrate freely propagating 3D-localized optical skyrmionic structures with a non-trivial topological profile by imprinting meron polarization texture on open and closed spectral surfaces in the momentum-energy space of an ultrafast optical wave packet. Precise control over the spatiotemporal polarization texture of light – a key requisite for synthesizing 3D optical merons – is the product of synergy between novel methodologies in the modulation of light jointly in space and time, digital holography, and large-area birefringent metasurfaces. Our work advances the fields of polarization optics and topological photonics and may inspire new developments in imaging, metrology, optical communications, and quantum technologies.</p>

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Ultrafast space-time optical merons in momentum-energy space

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Murat Yessenov,
  • Ahmed H. Dorrah,
  • Cheng Guo,
  • Layton A. Hall,
  • Joon-Suh Park,
  • Justin Free,
  • Eric G. Johnson,
  • Federico Capasso,
  • Shanhui Fan,
  • Ayman F. Abouraddy

摘要

Skyrmions, topologically non-trivial localized spin structures, are fertile ground for exploring emergent phenomena in condensed matter physics and next-generation magnetic-memory technologies. Although magnetics and optics readily lend themselves to two-dimensional realizations of spin texture, only recently have breakthroughs brought forth three-dimensional (3D) magnetic skyrmions, whereas their optical counterparts have eluded observation to date because their realization requires precise control over the spatiotemporal spectrum. Here, we demonstrate freely propagating 3D-localized optical skyrmionic structures with a non-trivial topological profile by imprinting meron polarization texture on open and closed spectral surfaces in the momentum-energy space of an ultrafast optical wave packet. Precise control over the spatiotemporal polarization texture of light – a key requisite for synthesizing 3D optical merons – is the product of synergy between novel methodologies in the modulation of light jointly in space and time, digital holography, and large-area birefringent metasurfaces. Our work advances the fields of polarization optics and topological photonics and may inspire new developments in imaging, metrology, optical communications, and quantum technologies.