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<p>Supported small and dense high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are promising functional materials for many applications. However, their synthesis remains a grand challenge because the extreme heating typically required to raise the entropic contribution to the formation of a solid solution unavoidably causes the sintering of HEA-NPs. Herein, we present a one-step continuous-flow spray pyrolysis strategy to synthesize multicomponent (from quinary to denary) HEA-NPs with an average size of &lt;2 nanometers and metal loadings of ~30 wt% uniformly dispersed on various carbon substrates, including graphene and carbon black. In addition, this flow-type synthesis is featured with notable advantages in facile gram scalability and reproducible production when compared with the existing methods. We identify a hydrocarbothermal synthesis mechanism that in situ generates H<sub>2</sub> via the reaction between carbon and water in the aerosol droplets to realize the complete metal reduction and alloying at a reduced temperature. The relatively mild reaction condition, combined with the short heating duration and the strong metal-support interaction, enables the simultaneous achievements of small size and high loading in HEA-NPs. The quinary FeCoNiCuPt HEA-NPs are demonstrated as highly efficient electrocatalysts toward the oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions.</p>

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Hydrocarbothermal flow synthesis of carbon-supported small and dense high-entropy alloy nanoparticles as electrocatalysts

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Guanchao He,
  • Xinyu Zhang,
  • Jianbin Liu,
  • Jinyu Chong,
  • Gonglan Ye,
  • Huilong Fei

摘要

Supported small and dense high-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are promising functional materials for many applications. However, their synthesis remains a grand challenge because the extreme heating typically required to raise the entropic contribution to the formation of a solid solution unavoidably causes the sintering of HEA-NPs. Herein, we present a one-step continuous-flow spray pyrolysis strategy to synthesize multicomponent (from quinary to denary) HEA-NPs with an average size of <2 nanometers and metal loadings of ~30 wt% uniformly dispersed on various carbon substrates, including graphene and carbon black. In addition, this flow-type synthesis is featured with notable advantages in facile gram scalability and reproducible production when compared with the existing methods. We identify a hydrocarbothermal synthesis mechanism that in situ generates H2 via the reaction between carbon and water in the aerosol droplets to realize the complete metal reduction and alloying at a reduced temperature. The relatively mild reaction condition, combined with the short heating duration and the strong metal-support interaction, enables the simultaneous achievements of small size and high loading in HEA-NPs. The quinary FeCoNiCuPt HEA-NPs are demonstrated as highly efficient electrocatalysts toward the oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions.