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<p>The kidney maintains fluid homeostasis by reabsorbing essential compounds and excreting waste. Proximal tubule cells, crucial for reabsorbing sugars, ions, and amino acids, are highly susceptible to injury, often leading to pathologies necessitating dialysis or transplants. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids offer a platform to model renal development, function, and disease, but proximal nephron differentiation and maturation in these structures is incomplete. Here, we drive proximal tubule development in pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids by mimicking in vivo proximal differentiation. Transient PI3K inhibition during early nephrogenesis activates Notch signaling, shifting nephron axial differentiation towards epithelial and proximal precursor states that mature to proximal convoluted tubule cells broadly expressing physiology-imparting solute carriers including organic cation and organic anion family members. The “proximal-biased” organoids thus acquire function, and on exposure to nephrotoxic injury, display tubular collapse and DNA damage, and upregulate injury response markers <i>HAVCR1/KIM1</i> and <i>SOX9</i> while downregulating proximal transcription factor <i>HNF4A</i>. Here, we show that proximally biased human-derived kidney organoids provide a robust model to study nephron development, injury responses, and a platform for therapeutic discovery.</p>

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Controlling nephron precursor differentiation to generate proximal-biased kidney organoids with emerging maturity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Jack Schnell,
  • Zhen Miao,
  • MaryAnne Achieng,
  • Connor C. Fausto,
  • Kari Koppitch,
  • Lola Takhirov,
  • Victoria Wang,
  • Faith De Kuyper,
  • Biao Huang,
  • Megan Schreiber,
  • Pedro Medina,
  • Matthew E. Thornton,
  • Brendan Grubbs,
  • Zhongwei Li,
  • Junhyong Kim,
  • Nils O. Lindström

摘要

The kidney maintains fluid homeostasis by reabsorbing essential compounds and excreting waste. Proximal tubule cells, crucial for reabsorbing sugars, ions, and amino acids, are highly susceptible to injury, often leading to pathologies necessitating dialysis or transplants. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids offer a platform to model renal development, function, and disease, but proximal nephron differentiation and maturation in these structures is incomplete. Here, we drive proximal tubule development in pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids by mimicking in vivo proximal differentiation. Transient PI3K inhibition during early nephrogenesis activates Notch signaling, shifting nephron axial differentiation towards epithelial and proximal precursor states that mature to proximal convoluted tubule cells broadly expressing physiology-imparting solute carriers including organic cation and organic anion family members. The “proximal-biased” organoids thus acquire function, and on exposure to nephrotoxic injury, display tubular collapse and DNA damage, and upregulate injury response markers HAVCR1/KIM1 and SOX9 while downregulating proximal transcription factor HNF4A. Here, we show that proximally biased human-derived kidney organoids provide a robust model to study nephron development, injury responses, and a platform for therapeutic discovery.