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<p>As a cutting-edge and environmentally friendly approach, thermochromic hydrogel smart windows show great potential in combating climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. However, the substantial absorption of near-infrared (NIR) energy by H<sub>2</sub>O poses an enormous challenge in enhancing the spectral responsiveness. Herein, we propose an ingenious concept of isotope-driven D<sub>2</sub>O-hydrogel smart windows, which can effectively resolve the inherent issue of NIR energy absorption associated with H<sub>2</sub>O, without compromising versatility. It facilitates near-optimal transmittance modulation across the entire solar spectrum (Δ<i>Γ</i><sub><i>Sol</i></sub> = 91.97%), demonstrating a marked enhancement in NIR modulation of transmittance (Δ<i>Γ</i><sub><i>NIR</i></sub>) and reflectance (Δ<i>R</i><sub><i>NIR</i></sub>) by ~16% and ~31%, respectively, in comparison to conventional H<sub>2</sub>O-hydrogel. Moreover, the integration of Ag-nanowires into D<sub>2</sub>O-hydrogel further substantially augments the regulation of longwave infrared emissivity (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_62432_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="61" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Delta {\varepsilon }_{{LWIR}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mrow> <mi>ε</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mi>W</mi> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 31.89%) while preserving a comprehensive modulation ratio (Δ<i>Γ</i><sub><i>Sol</i></sub> = 66.02%, Δ<i>R</i><sub><i>Sol</i></sub> = 48.41%) that is not achieved by the existing thermochromic devices. This isotope-driven D<sub>2</sub>O-hydrogel smart window provides another design strategy for future energy-efficient windows.</p>

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Isotope-driven hydrogel smart windows for self-adaptive thermoregulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Hongyi Tu,
  • Tong Wang,
  • Min Chen,
  • Limin Wu

摘要

As a cutting-edge and environmentally friendly approach, thermochromic hydrogel smart windows show great potential in combating climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. However, the substantial absorption of near-infrared (NIR) energy by H2O poses an enormous challenge in enhancing the spectral responsiveness. Herein, we propose an ingenious concept of isotope-driven D2O-hydrogel smart windows, which can effectively resolve the inherent issue of NIR energy absorption associated with H2O, without compromising versatility. It facilitates near-optimal transmittance modulation across the entire solar spectrum (ΔΓSol = 91.97%), demonstrating a marked enhancement in NIR modulation of transmittance (ΔΓNIR) and reflectance (ΔRNIR) by ~16% and ~31%, respectively, in comparison to conventional H2O-hydrogel. Moreover, the integration of Ag-nanowires into D2O-hydrogel further substantially augments the regulation of longwave infrared emissivity ( \(\Delta {\varepsilon }_{{LWIR}}\) Δ ε L W I R  = 31.89%) while preserving a comprehensive modulation ratio (ΔΓSol = 66.02%, ΔRSol = 48.41%) that is not achieved by the existing thermochromic devices. This isotope-driven D2O-hydrogel smart window provides another design strategy for future energy-efficient windows.