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<p>3D in-substrate integration of optical functionalities fully utilizes the vertical dimension of space and is valuable for advancing next-generation integrated optoelectronics. However, as a key optical effect, optical dispersion remains unavailable to be tailored at the microscale in 3D. We introduce artificial dispersive microregions in lithium niobate crystals to engineer free-space ultra-broadband optical dispersion. The microregions are formed by ultrafast laser-induced sub-wavelength phase-transition nanostripes, which modulate the crystal’s birefringence to establish localized frequency-dependent interference of ordinary and extraordinary light. This approach operates across an ultra-broad wavelength range (&gt;1300 nm) within an exceptionally compact volume (50 × 10 × 6 µm³), and allows for precise, on-demand dispersion control in 3D space. The dispersive microregions exhibit viewing-angle independence, stability to harsh conditions (600 °C high temperature, contamination, corrosion, and mechanical damage), and wide applicability across various birefringent crystals. We demonstrate the versatility of our method in developing broadband on-chip micro-spectrometers and applications of spectral imaging, information recording, and encryption.</p>

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3D ultra-broadband optically dispersive microregions in lithium niobate

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Bo Zhang,
  • Zhuo Wang,
  • Tom Albrow-Owen,
  • Tawfique Hasan,
  • Zesheng Chen,
  • Zhiying Song,
  • Gongyuan Zhang,
  • Hannah Joyce,
  • Dezhi Tan,
  • Qiangbing Guo,
  • Cheng-wei Qiu,
  • Zongyin Yang,
  • Jianrong Qiu

摘要

3D in-substrate integration of optical functionalities fully utilizes the vertical dimension of space and is valuable for advancing next-generation integrated optoelectronics. However, as a key optical effect, optical dispersion remains unavailable to be tailored at the microscale in 3D. We introduce artificial dispersive microregions in lithium niobate crystals to engineer free-space ultra-broadband optical dispersion. The microregions are formed by ultrafast laser-induced sub-wavelength phase-transition nanostripes, which modulate the crystal’s birefringence to establish localized frequency-dependent interference of ordinary and extraordinary light. This approach operates across an ultra-broad wavelength range (>1300 nm) within an exceptionally compact volume (50 × 10 × 6 µm³), and allows for precise, on-demand dispersion control in 3D space. The dispersive microregions exhibit viewing-angle independence, stability to harsh conditions (600 °C high temperature, contamination, corrosion, and mechanical damage), and wide applicability across various birefringent crystals. We demonstrate the versatility of our method in developing broadband on-chip micro-spectrometers and applications of spectral imaging, information recording, and encryption.