<p>Tuning anionic solvation structures and dynamic processes at solid–liquid interfaces is critical yet challenging for stabilizing Zn metal negative electrodes in Zn-ion batteries, particularly due to the issue of dendrite formation and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we show that highly hydrated SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> can be effectively modulated under a strong magnetic field via the Paschen–Back effect on O-H vibrations, which reorients individual water molecules to manipulate Zn<sup>2+</sup> solvation and protonated water clusters (H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>). Molecular dynamics simulations and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that the hydrated SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>–H<sub>2</sub>O complexes promote Zn<sup>2+</sup> nucleation and deposition on the (002) plane, with preferential oxygen adsorption inhibiting two-dimensional Zn<sup>2+</sup> diffusion. Moreover, magnetizing the electrolyte disrupts the Grotthuss proton-transfer pathway, suppressing H<sub>2</sub> evolution and further reducing dendrite formation. By employing inexpensive permanent magnets without external power, this magnetization strategy offers a practical, energy-efficient route to enhance both the stability and performance of zinc-based rechargeable batteries.</p>

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Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO42- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries

  • Xiayan Yao,
  • Zhi Wang,
  • Jianwei Guo,
  • Guoyu Qian,
  • Hongchen Wang,
  • Xuzhong Gong,
  • Dong Wang

摘要

Tuning anionic solvation structures and dynamic processes at solid–liquid interfaces is critical yet challenging for stabilizing Zn metal negative electrodes in Zn-ion batteries, particularly due to the issue of dendrite formation and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we show that highly hydrated SO42- can be effectively modulated under a strong magnetic field via the Paschen–Back effect on O-H vibrations, which reorients individual water molecules to manipulate Zn2+ solvation and protonated water clusters (H3O+). Molecular dynamics simulations and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that the hydrated SO42-–H2O complexes promote Zn2+ nucleation and deposition on the (002) plane, with preferential oxygen adsorption inhibiting two-dimensional Zn2+ diffusion. Moreover, magnetizing the electrolyte disrupts the Grotthuss proton-transfer pathway, suppressing H2 evolution and further reducing dendrite formation. By employing inexpensive permanent magnets without external power, this magnetization strategy offers a practical, energy-efficient route to enhance both the stability and performance of zinc-based rechargeable batteries.