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<p>The classical Pancharatnam-Berry phase, a variant of the geometric phase, arises purely from the modulation of the polarization state of a light beam. Due to its dependence on polarization changes, it cannot be effectively utilized for wavefront shaping in systems that require maintaining a constant (co-polarized) polarization state. Here, we present a novel topologically protected phase modulation mechanism capable of achieving anti-symmetric full 2π phase shifts with near-unity efficiency for two orthogonal co-polarized channels. Compatible with -but distinct from- the dynamic phase, this approach exploits phase circulation around a hidden singularity on the surface of the Poincaré sphere. We validate this concept in the microwave regime through the implementation of multi-layer chiral metasurfaces. This new phase modulation mechanism expands the design toolbox of flat optics for light modulation beyond conventional techniques.</p>

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Exploiting hidden singularity on the surface of the Poincaré sphere

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Jinxing Li,
  • Aloke Jana,
  • Yueyi Yuan,
  • Kuang Zhang,
  • Shah Nawaz Burokur,
  • Patrice Genevet

摘要

The classical Pancharatnam-Berry phase, a variant of the geometric phase, arises purely from the modulation of the polarization state of a light beam. Due to its dependence on polarization changes, it cannot be effectively utilized for wavefront shaping in systems that require maintaining a constant (co-polarized) polarization state. Here, we present a novel topologically protected phase modulation mechanism capable of achieving anti-symmetric full 2π phase shifts with near-unity efficiency for two orthogonal co-polarized channels. Compatible with -but distinct from- the dynamic phase, this approach exploits phase circulation around a hidden singularity on the surface of the Poincaré sphere. We validate this concept in the microwave regime through the implementation of multi-layer chiral metasurfaces. This new phase modulation mechanism expands the design toolbox of flat optics for light modulation beyond conventional techniques.