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<p>Some species of legumes and nine other flowering plant families form symbioses with bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen within specialized plant structures called nodules. How and how often nodulation symbiosis originated has implications for engineering symbiotic nitrogen fixation in non-legume crops. The prevailing hypothesis of a single origin with massive parallel losses has been challenged in a phylogenomic study favoring 16 origins and 10 losses. Nodulation has been assembled once or many times from existing processes (e.g., mycorrhizal symbiosis) and therefore almost nothing about it is truly novel. Because any feature of nodulation can be explained either as divergence from a common origin or as convergence in unrelated taxa, tests are needed that can distinguish whether assembly of homologous components has occurred uniquely or convergently. Much needs to be learned about nodulation symbioses across the proposed independent origins, especially involving the master nodulation transcription factor, <i>Nodule Inception</i> (<i>NIN</i>).</p>

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One versus many independent assemblies of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in flowering plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • Jeff J. Doyle,
  • Jian Ren,
  • Katharina Pawlowski,
  • Euan K. James,
  • Yingzhi Gao

摘要

Some species of legumes and nine other flowering plant families form symbioses with bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen within specialized plant structures called nodules. How and how often nodulation symbiosis originated has implications for engineering symbiotic nitrogen fixation in non-legume crops. The prevailing hypothesis of a single origin with massive parallel losses has been challenged in a phylogenomic study favoring 16 origins and 10 losses. Nodulation has been assembled once or many times from existing processes (e.g., mycorrhizal symbiosis) and therefore almost nothing about it is truly novel. Because any feature of nodulation can be explained either as divergence from a common origin or as convergence in unrelated taxa, tests are needed that can distinguish whether assembly of homologous components has occurred uniquely or convergently. Much needs to be learned about nodulation symbioses across the proposed independent origins, especially involving the master nodulation transcription factor, Nodule Inception (NIN).