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<p>Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are usually achieved using organic spiro-OMeTAD. However, conventional doping with hygroscopic dopants (LiTFSI and tBP) leads to compromised device stability. We introduce a synergistic mixed doping strategy that utilizes a combination of metal-TFSI dopants—LiTFSI, KTFSI, NaTFSI, Ca(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>, and Mg(TFSI)<sub>2</sub>—to enhance doping efficiency while effectively removing hygroscopic contaminants from the Spiro-OMeTAD solution. This approach achieves PCEs exceeding 25% and significantly improves stability under harsh environmental conditions. Notably, Ca(TFSI)<sub>2</sub> and Mg(TFSI)<sub>2</sub> facilitate enhanced oxidative doping, while NaTFSI promotes interstitial doping in the bulk perovskite. Additionally, KTFSI serves as a catalytic agent, lowering the reaction energy barrier for the other dopants, thereby accelerating spiro-OMeTAD ion radical production. These findings underscore the potential of synergistic doping in optimizing the performance and longevity of photovoltaic devices.</p>

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Self-cleaning Spiro-OMeTAD via multimetal doping for perovskite photovoltaics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月5日

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  • Sisi Wang,
  • Shaochen Zhang,
  • Xiaohuo Shi,
  • Canglang Yao,
  • Donger Jin,
  • Danyu Gu,
  • Yinjuan Chen,
  • Jiazhe Xu,
  • Jingjing Xue,
  • Rui Wang

摘要

Record power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are usually achieved using organic spiro-OMeTAD. However, conventional doping with hygroscopic dopants (LiTFSI and tBP) leads to compromised device stability. We introduce a synergistic mixed doping strategy that utilizes a combination of metal-TFSI dopants—LiTFSI, KTFSI, NaTFSI, Ca(TFSI)2, and Mg(TFSI)2—to enhance doping efficiency while effectively removing hygroscopic contaminants from the Spiro-OMeTAD solution. This approach achieves PCEs exceeding 25% and significantly improves stability under harsh environmental conditions. Notably, Ca(TFSI)2 and Mg(TFSI)2 facilitate enhanced oxidative doping, while NaTFSI promotes interstitial doping in the bulk perovskite. Additionally, KTFSI serves as a catalytic agent, lowering the reaction energy barrier for the other dopants, thereby accelerating spiro-OMeTAD ion radical production. These findings underscore the potential of synergistic doping in optimizing the performance and longevity of photovoltaic devices.