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<p>FAN1 is a DNA dependent nuclease whose proper function is essential for maintaining human health. For example, a genetic variant in FAN1, Arg507 to His hastens onset of Huntington’s disease, a repeat expansion disorder for which there is no cure. How the Arg507His mutation affects FAN1 structure and enzymatic function is unknown. Using cryo-EM and biochemistry, we have discovered that FAN1 arginine 507 is critical for its interaction with PCNA, and mutation of Arg507 to His attenuates assembly of the FAN1–PCNA complex on a disease-relevant extrahelical DNA extrusions formed within DNA repeats. This mutation concomitantly abolishes PCNA–FAN1–dependent cleavage of such extrusions, thus unraveling the molecular basis for a specific mutation in FAN1 that dramatically hastens the onset of Huntington’s disease. These results underscore the importance of PCNA to the genome stabilizing function of FAN1.</p>

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Structural and molecular basis of PCNA-activated FAN1 nuclease function in DNA repair

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • F. Li,
  • A. S. Phadte,
  • M. Bhatia,
  • S. Barndt,
  • A. R. Monte Carlo III,
  • C-F. D. Hou,
  • R. Yang,
  • S. Strock,
  • A. Pluciennik

摘要

FAN1 is a DNA dependent nuclease whose proper function is essential for maintaining human health. For example, a genetic variant in FAN1, Arg507 to His hastens onset of Huntington’s disease, a repeat expansion disorder for which there is no cure. How the Arg507His mutation affects FAN1 structure and enzymatic function is unknown. Using cryo-EM and biochemistry, we have discovered that FAN1 arginine 507 is critical for its interaction with PCNA, and mutation of Arg507 to His attenuates assembly of the FAN1–PCNA complex on a disease-relevant extrahelical DNA extrusions formed within DNA repeats. This mutation concomitantly abolishes PCNA–FAN1–dependent cleavage of such extrusions, thus unraveling the molecular basis for a specific mutation in FAN1 that dramatically hastens the onset of Huntington’s disease. These results underscore the importance of PCNA to the genome stabilizing function of FAN1.