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<p>Depolarization-evoked opening of Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 (P/Q-type) Ca<sup>2+</sup>-channels triggers neurotransmitter release, while voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI) limits channel availability to open, contributing to synaptic plasticity. The mechanism of Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 response to voltage is unclear. Using voltage-clamp fluorometry and kinetic modeling, we optically track and physically characterize the structural dynamics of the four Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 voltage-sensor domains (VSDs). The VSDs are differentially sensitive to voltage changes, both brief and long-lived. VSD-I seems to directly drive opening and convert between two modes of function, associated with VDI. VSD-II is apparently voltage-insensitive. VSD-III and VSD-IV sense more negative voltages and undergo voltage-dependent conversion uncorrelated with VDI. Auxiliary β-subunits regulate VSD-I-to-pore coupling and VSD conversion kinetics. Hence, the central role of Ca<sub>V</sub>2.1 channels in synaptic release, and their contribution to plasticity, memory formation and learning, can arise from the voltage-dependent conformational changes of VSD-I.</p>

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A rich conformational palette underlies human CaV2.1-channel availability

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月23日

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  • Kaiqian Wang,
  • Michelle Nilsson,
  • Marina Angelini,
  • Riccardo Olcese,
  • Fredrik Elinder,
  • Antonios Pantazis

摘要

Depolarization-evoked opening of CaV2.1 (P/Q-type) Ca2+-channels triggers neurotransmitter release, while voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI) limits channel availability to open, contributing to synaptic plasticity. The mechanism of CaV2.1 response to voltage is unclear. Using voltage-clamp fluorometry and kinetic modeling, we optically track and physically characterize the structural dynamics of the four CaV2.1 voltage-sensor domains (VSDs). The VSDs are differentially sensitive to voltage changes, both brief and long-lived. VSD-I seems to directly drive opening and convert between two modes of function, associated with VDI. VSD-II is apparently voltage-insensitive. VSD-III and VSD-IV sense more negative voltages and undergo voltage-dependent conversion uncorrelated with VDI. Auxiliary β-subunits regulate VSD-I-to-pore coupling and VSD conversion kinetics. Hence, the central role of CaV2.1 channels in synaptic release, and their contribution to plasticity, memory formation and learning, can arise from the voltage-dependent conformational changes of VSD-I.