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<p>Low-bandgap (LBG) mixed tin-lead (Sn−Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from inferior performance due to their high defect density. Conventionally, ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDADI) is used as a surface passivator to reduce defects and improve device photovoltaic performance, but it introduces severe hysteresis caused by excessive mobilized ions at the top interface. Here, we report a mobile ion suppressing strategy of using hydrazine monohydrochloride (HM) as a bulk passivator to anchor the free ions in LBG perovskites. The protonated hydrazine (N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup>) of HM formed hydrogen bonds with iodine (I<sup>–</sup>) ions, while the chloride (Cl<sup>–</sup>) ions occupied the I<sup>–</sup> vacancies, collectively impeding the migration of I<sup>–</sup> and thus mitigating the ion movement-induced hysteresis that arose from EDADI usage. The synergistic strategy of HM doping and EDADI post-treatment significantly suppresses the oxidation of Sn<sup>2+</sup>, decreases trap density, and inhibits rapid crystallization of perovskite. Consequently, we achieved a champion efficiency of 23.21% for LBG PSCs. Integrating these cells with wide-bandgap PSCs into all-perovskite tandem solar cells yields a high efficiency of 28.55% (certified 28.31%) with negligible hysteresis.</p>

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Synergistic immobilization of ions in mixed tin-lead and all-perovskite tandem solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月11日

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  • Yuhui Liu,
  • Tianshu Ma,
  • Changlei Wang,
  • Zhenhai Yang,
  • Yue Zhao,
  • Zhanghao Wu,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Yining Bao,
  • Yuhang Zhai,
  • Tianci Jia,
  • Cong Chen,
  • Dewei Zhao,
  • Xiaofeng Li

摘要

Low-bandgap (LBG) mixed tin-lead (Sn−Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suffer from inferior performance due to their high defect density. Conventionally, ethylenediammonium diiodide (EDADI) is used as a surface passivator to reduce defects and improve device photovoltaic performance, but it introduces severe hysteresis caused by excessive mobilized ions at the top interface. Here, we report a mobile ion suppressing strategy of using hydrazine monohydrochloride (HM) as a bulk passivator to anchor the free ions in LBG perovskites. The protonated hydrazine (N2H5+) of HM formed hydrogen bonds with iodine (I–) ions, while the chloride (Cl–) ions occupied the I– vacancies, collectively impeding the migration of I– and thus mitigating the ion movement-induced hysteresis that arose from EDADI usage. The synergistic strategy of HM doping and EDADI post-treatment significantly suppresses the oxidation of Sn2+, decreases trap density, and inhibits rapid crystallization of perovskite. Consequently, we achieved a champion efficiency of 23.21% for LBG PSCs. Integrating these cells with wide-bandgap PSCs into all-perovskite tandem solar cells yields a high efficiency of 28.55% (certified 28.31%) with negligible hysteresis.