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<p>People with Post-Covid Condition (PCC) may demonstrate aberrant immune responses post-infection; however, serological follow-up studies are limited. We aim to compare SARS-CoV-2 serological responses to infection and vaccination in people who develop PCC versus those with an acute infection only. Participants (<i>n</i> = 2010) are a sub-cohort of the Virus Watch community cohort in England who provided monthly finger-prick serological samples. We compare the likelihood of post-infection seroconversion using logistic mixed models and the trajectories of anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) and anti-spike (anti-S) antibodies using linear mixed models. Participants who developed PCC (<i>n</i> = 394) have 1.8x the odds of post-infection seroconversion for anti-N antibodies compared to those with an acute infection only (<i>n</i> = 1616) (odds ratio= 1.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-2.90); however, these results are moderated by vaccination status and variant – with differences observed in pre-Omicron, unvaccinated participants. Anti-N levels, however, were elevated within 200 days post-infection in people with PCC compared to those without, after accounting for variant and vaccination status. Vaccination response (anti-S) pre- or post-infection did not systematically differ between groups. People with PCC demonstrate persistently higher anti-N antibody levels following primary infection compared to those with an acute infection only. These findings extend emerging evidence around infection-related immune activation and PCC.</p>

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Anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike antibody trajectories in people with post-covid condition versus acute-only infections: a nested longitudinal case-control study within the Virus Watch prospective cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月17日

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  • Sarah Beale,
  • Alexei Yavlinsky,
  • Gemma Moncunill,
  • Wing Lam Erica Fong,
  • Vincent Grigori Nguyen,
  • Jana Kovar,
  • Andrew C. Hayward,
  • Ibrahim Abubakar,
  • Robert W. Aldridge

摘要

People with Post-Covid Condition (PCC) may demonstrate aberrant immune responses post-infection; however, serological follow-up studies are limited. We aim to compare SARS-CoV-2 serological responses to infection and vaccination in people who develop PCC versus those with an acute infection only. Participants (n = 2010) are a sub-cohort of the Virus Watch community cohort in England who provided monthly finger-prick serological samples. We compare the likelihood of post-infection seroconversion using logistic mixed models and the trajectories of anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) and anti-spike (anti-S) antibodies using linear mixed models. Participants who developed PCC (n = 394) have 1.8x the odds of post-infection seroconversion for anti-N antibodies compared to those with an acute infection only (n = 1616) (odds ratio= 1.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-2.90); however, these results are moderated by vaccination status and variant – with differences observed in pre-Omicron, unvaccinated participants. Anti-N levels, however, were elevated within 200 days post-infection in people with PCC compared to those without, after accounting for variant and vaccination status. Vaccination response (anti-S) pre- or post-infection did not systematically differ between groups. People with PCC demonstrate persistently higher anti-N antibody levels following primary infection compared to those with an acute infection only. These findings extend emerging evidence around infection-related immune activation and PCC.