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<p>Understanding and controlling nonlinear processes is crucial for engineering light-matter interaction and generating non-classical light. A significant challenge in ultra-thin nonlinear materials is the marked diminution of the nonlinear conversion efficiency due to the reduced light-matter interaction length and, in many cases, the centrosymmetric crystalline structures. Here we relax these limitations and report a giant boost of classical and quantum nonlinear processes in ultrathin van der Waals materials. Specifically, with a metal-nonlinear material heterostructure we enhance classical second-harmonic generation in h-BN flakes by two orders of magnitude. Moreover, we have engineered a metal-SiO<sub>2</sub>-nonlinear material heterostructure resulting in a remarkable two orders of magnitude augmentation of the quantum spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in NbOCl<sub>2</sub> flakes. Notably, we demonstrate SPDC in a 16 nm-thick NbOCl<sub>2</sub> flake integrated into the proposed structure. These findings simplify on-chip quantum state engineering and accelerate the use of van der Waals materials in nonlinear optoelectronics.</p>

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Boosting classical and quantum nonlinear processes in ultrathin van der Waals materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Xiaodan Lyu,
  • Leevi Kallioniemi,
  • Hongbing Cai,
  • Liheng An,
  • Ruihuan Duan,
  • Shuin Jian Wu,
  • Qinghai Tan,
  • Chusheng Zhang,
  • Ruihua He,
  • Yansong Miao,
  • Zheng Liu,
  • Alexander Ling,
  • Jesus Zúñiga-Perez,
  • Weibo Gao

摘要

Understanding and controlling nonlinear processes is crucial for engineering light-matter interaction and generating non-classical light. A significant challenge in ultra-thin nonlinear materials is the marked diminution of the nonlinear conversion efficiency due to the reduced light-matter interaction length and, in many cases, the centrosymmetric crystalline structures. Here we relax these limitations and report a giant boost of classical and quantum nonlinear processes in ultrathin van der Waals materials. Specifically, with a metal-nonlinear material heterostructure we enhance classical second-harmonic generation in h-BN flakes by two orders of magnitude. Moreover, we have engineered a metal-SiO2-nonlinear material heterostructure resulting in a remarkable two orders of magnitude augmentation of the quantum spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in NbOCl2 flakes. Notably, we demonstrate SPDC in a 16 nm-thick NbOCl2 flake integrated into the proposed structure. These findings simplify on-chip quantum state engineering and accelerate the use of van der Waals materials in nonlinear optoelectronics.