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<p>Hybrid necrosis, a century-old mystery in wheat, is caused by complementary genes <i>Ne1</i> and <i>Ne2</i>. <i>Ne2</i>, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor, has been cloned, yet <i>Ne1</i> remains elusive. Here, we report that <i>Ne1</i>, which encodes an alpha/beta hydrolase (ABH) protein generated by structural variation, triggers hybrid necrosis with <i>Ne2</i> by activating autoimmune responses. We further verify that not only allelic variation but also copy number variation (CNV) of <i>Ne1</i> are pivotal for hybrid necrosis diversity in wheat. <i>Ne1</i> likely originates from wild emmer wheat, potentially through duplication and ectopic recombination events. Unlike <i>Ne2</i>, which is frequently selected for rust resistance in wheat breeding, the lower prevalence of <i>Ne1</i> in modern wheat cultivars is attributed to its association with hybrid necrosis. Altogether, these findings illuminate the co-evolution of the <i>NLR</i>/<i>ABH</i> gene pair in plant development and innate immunity, offering potential benefits for wheat breeding.</p>

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Genomic structural variation in an alpha/beta hydrolase triggers hybrid necrosis in wheat

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月18日

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  • Yaoqi Si,
  • Huaizhi Zhang,
  • Shengwei Ma,
  • Shusong Zheng,
  • Jianqing Niu,
  • Shuiquan Tian,
  • Xuejia Cui,
  • Keyu Zhu,
  • Xiaocui Yan,
  • Qiao Lu,
  • Zhimeng Zhang,
  • Tingting Du,
  • Ping Lu,
  • Yongxing Chen,
  • Qiuhong Wu,
  • Jingzhong Xie,
  • Guanghao Guo,
  • Mengjun Gu,
  • Huilan Wu,
  • Yiwen Li,
  • Chengguo Yuan,
  • Zaifeng Li,
  • Zhiyong Liu,
  • Lingli Dong,
  • Hong-Qing Ling,
  • Miaomiao Li

摘要

Hybrid necrosis, a century-old mystery in wheat, is caused by complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2. Ne2, encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor, has been cloned, yet Ne1 remains elusive. Here, we report that Ne1, which encodes an alpha/beta hydrolase (ABH) protein generated by structural variation, triggers hybrid necrosis with Ne2 by activating autoimmune responses. We further verify that not only allelic variation but also copy number variation (CNV) of Ne1 are pivotal for hybrid necrosis diversity in wheat. Ne1 likely originates from wild emmer wheat, potentially through duplication and ectopic recombination events. Unlike Ne2, which is frequently selected for rust resistance in wheat breeding, the lower prevalence of Ne1 in modern wheat cultivars is attributed to its association with hybrid necrosis. Altogether, these findings illuminate the co-evolution of the NLR/ABH gene pair in plant development and innate immunity, offering potential benefits for wheat breeding.