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<p>In quantum information processing, two primary research directions have emerged: one based on discrete variables (DV) and the other on the structure of quantum states in a continuous-variable (CV) space. Integrating these two approaches could unlock new potentials, overcoming their respective limitations. Here, we show that such a DV–CV hybrid approach, applied to superconducting Kerr parametric oscillators (KPOs), enables us to entangle a pair of Schrödinger’s cat states by two methods. The first involves the entanglement-preserving conversion between Bell states in the Fock-state basis (DV encoding) and those in the cat-state basis (CV encoding). The second method implements a <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41467_2025_56503_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sqrt{{{{\rm{iSWAP}}}}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msqrt> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">iSWAP</mi> </mrow> </msqrt> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> gate between two cat states following the procedure for Fock-state encoding. This simple and fast gate operation completes a universal quantum gate set in a KPO system. Our work offers powerful applications of DV–CV hybridization and marks a first step toward developing a multi-qubit platform based on planar KPO systems.</p>

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Entangling Schrödinger’s cat states by bridging discrete- and continuous-variable encoding

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月3日

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  • Daisuke Hoshi,
  • Toshiaki Nagase,
  • Sangil Kwon,
  • Daisuke Iyama,
  • Takahiko Kamiya,
  • Shiori Fujii,
  • Hiroto Mukai,
  • Shahnawaz Ahmed,
  • Anton Frisk Kockum,
  • Shohei Watabe,
  • Fumiki Yoshihara,
  • Jaw-Shen Tsai

摘要

In quantum information processing, two primary research directions have emerged: one based on discrete variables (DV) and the other on the structure of quantum states in a continuous-variable (CV) space. Integrating these two approaches could unlock new potentials, overcoming their respective limitations. Here, we show that such a DV–CV hybrid approach, applied to superconducting Kerr parametric oscillators (KPOs), enables us to entangle a pair of Schrödinger’s cat states by two methods. The first involves the entanglement-preserving conversion between Bell states in the Fock-state basis (DV encoding) and those in the cat-state basis (CV encoding). The second method implements a \(\sqrt{{{{\rm{iSWAP}}}}}\) iSWAP gate between two cat states following the procedure for Fock-state encoding. This simple and fast gate operation completes a universal quantum gate set in a KPO system. Our work offers powerful applications of DV–CV hybridization and marks a first step toward developing a multi-qubit platform based on planar KPO systems.