<p>Artificial photosynthesis of urea from NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> seems to remain still essentially unexplored. Herein, three isomorphic three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with twofold interpenetrated ffc topology are functionalized by benzene, pyrazine, and tetrazine active moieties, respectively. A series of experiment results disclose the gradually enhanced conductivity, light-harvesting capacity, photogenerated carrier separation efficiency, and co-adsorption capacity towards NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> in the order of benzene-, pyrazine-, and tetrazine-containing framework. This in turn endows tetrazine-containing framework with superior photocatalytic activity towards urea production from NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> with the yield of 523 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, 40 and 4 times higher than that for benzene- and pyrazine-containing framework, respectively, indicating the heterocyclic N microenvironment-dependent catalytic performance for these three photocatalysts. This is further confirmed by in-situ spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations. This work lays a way towards sustainable photosynthesis of urea.</p>

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3D N-heterocyclic covalent organic frameworks for urea photosynthesis from NH3 and CO2

  • Ning Li,
  • Jiale Zhang,
  • Xiangdong Xie,
  • Kang Wang,
  • Dongdong Qi,
  • Jiang Liu,
  • Ya-Qian Lan,
  • Jianzhuang Jiang

摘要

Artificial photosynthesis of urea from NH3 and CO2 seems to remain still essentially unexplored. Herein, three isomorphic three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with twofold interpenetrated ffc topology are functionalized by benzene, pyrazine, and tetrazine active moieties, respectively. A series of experiment results disclose the gradually enhanced conductivity, light-harvesting capacity, photogenerated carrier separation efficiency, and co-adsorption capacity towards NH3 and CO2 in the order of benzene-, pyrazine-, and tetrazine-containing framework. This in turn endows tetrazine-containing framework with superior photocatalytic activity towards urea production from NH3 and CO2 with the yield of 523 μmol g−1 h−1, 40 and 4 times higher than that for benzene- and pyrazine-containing framework, respectively, indicating the heterocyclic N microenvironment-dependent catalytic performance for these three photocatalysts. This is further confirmed by in-situ spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations. This work lays a way towards sustainable photosynthesis of urea.