<p>We investigated whether the combination of medical therapy plus percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) provides superior clinical outcomes compared to those afforded by medical therapy alone in patients with hypertension due to atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The evaluated outcomes included: (1) cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality, (2) the incidence of CVD events, (3) changes in blood pressure (BP), (4) suppression of renal function decline, (5) changes in the number of antihypertensive drugs used, and (6) serious adverse events. Nine RCTs involving 2275 patients were analyzed, revealing that the combination therapy significantly reduced the number of antihypertensive drugs compared to medical therapy alone (mean difference: –0.42, 95% confidence interval: –0.71 to –0.12). However, there were no significant differences between the combination therapy and medical therapy alone in CVD mortality, the incidence of CVD events, BP changes, suppression of renal function decline, or serious adverse events. The included studies demonstrated a low-to-moderate risk of bias, with performance and detection bias being the most prominent concerns. Together our findings demonstrate that compared to medical therapy alone, the combination of medical therapy + PTRA reduced the number of antihypertensive drugs used but did not improve adverse CVD or renal outcomes. The quality of the included RCTs represents a potential limitation of this analysis.</p><p></p>