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Objective <p>To define temporal trends and socioeconomic inequalities in vision impairment in China.</p> Methods <p>This analysis utilises data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative cohort study, which enrolled 10,942, 11,026, 12,717 and 16,095 participants aged ≥45 years across four survey waves conducted in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018, respectively. The main outcome was self-reported vision impairment by participants and we analysed trends and socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of distance vision impairment (DVI) and near vision impairment (NVI).</p> Results <p>The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of DVI and NVI decreased from 23.4% and 25.5% in 2011 to 17.1% and 18.2% in 2018 (P trend &lt; 0.001). Across survey waves, the prevalence of vision impairment was significantly higher among groups of low versus high SES (2018: DVI 12.4% in the high SES group vs. 24.5% in the low SES group; NVI 13.9% in the high SES group vs. 24.3% in the low SES group). The concentration curves and concentration index indicate that socioeconomic inequality in vision impairment has persisted, that inequality in DVI remained stable (absolute value for concentration index: 0.175 in 2011; 0.182 in 2018) and that inequality in NVI widened (absolute value for concentration index: 0.069 in 2011; 0.142 in 2018).</p> Conclusions <p>This population-based study found a significant reduction in vision impairment in China from 2011 to 2018. Nonetheless, SES inequality in vision impairment persists without narrowing. Prevention and management strategies for vision impairment must target low SES populations to promote equality in healthcare opportunities.</p>

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Socioeconomic inequalities in self-reported vision impairment among middle-aged and older adults in China: a national longitudinal study from 2011 to 2018

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Kun Xiong,
  • Fengping Zhao,
  • Dengming Zhou,
  • Xuanli Zheng,
  • Shaodan Zhang,
  • Nathan Congdon,
  • Lu Yang,
  • Yuanbo Liang

摘要

Objective

To define temporal trends and socioeconomic inequalities in vision impairment in China.

Methods

This analysis utilises data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative cohort study, which enrolled 10,942, 11,026, 12,717 and 16,095 participants aged ≥45 years across four survey waves conducted in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018, respectively. The main outcome was self-reported vision impairment by participants and we analysed trends and socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of distance vision impairment (DVI) and near vision impairment (NVI).

Results

The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of DVI and NVI decreased from 23.4% and 25.5% in 2011 to 17.1% and 18.2% in 2018 (P trend < 0.001). Across survey waves, the prevalence of vision impairment was significantly higher among groups of low versus high SES (2018: DVI 12.4% in the high SES group vs. 24.5% in the low SES group; NVI 13.9% in the high SES group vs. 24.3% in the low SES group). The concentration curves and concentration index indicate that socioeconomic inequality in vision impairment has persisted, that inequality in DVI remained stable (absolute value for concentration index: 0.175 in 2011; 0.182 in 2018) and that inequality in NVI widened (absolute value for concentration index: 0.069 in 2011; 0.142 in 2018).

Conclusions

This population-based study found a significant reduction in vision impairment in China from 2011 to 2018. Nonetheless, SES inequality in vision impairment persists without narrowing. Prevention and management strategies for vision impairment must target low SES populations to promote equality in healthcare opportunities.