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Objective <p>To estimate DR prevalence, risk factors, and undiagnosed disease in the Thessaloniki Eye Study.</p> Design <p>Cross-sectional, population-based study.</p> Setting <p>Community examinations and home visits in Thessaloniki, Greece.</p> Participants <p>Adults aged 60 years or older; 2468 with gradable fundus data or fundus examination were analysed.</p> Exposures <p>Self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM), demographics, ocular/systemic history, and lifestyle factors.</p> Main outcomes and measures <p>DR prevalence/severity graded from fundus photographs using a modified Airlie House system; clinically significant macular oedema (CSMO), vision-threatening retinopathy (VTR), and DR risk factors.</p> Results <p>Among 2468 participants, DR prevalence was 6.9% (170/2468; 95% CI, 6.0%–8.0%). Among 352 participants with self-reported diabetes, 31.0% (109/352; 95% CI, 26.4%–36.0%) had DR; mild, moderate, severe non-proliferative DR, and proliferative DR were observed in 13.6%, 7.1%, 7.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. CSMO and VTR were present in 6.5% and 11.9%, respectively. Increased DR risk was associated with male gender (OR = 2.64), insulin therapy (OR = 4.87), and longer antihyperglycaemic treatment duration (OR = 1.05/year). Lower DR risk was associated with older age (OR = 0.87/year), regular alcohol intake (OR = 0.39), and migraines with aura (OR = 0.11). Among participants with DR, 73.9% were unaware of their diagnosis.</p> Conclusions <p>DR affected nearly one-third of participants with diabetes, and most DR cases were undiagnosed. These findings support improved DR screening and education in older Greek adults.</p>

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Prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: The Thessaloniki Eye Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Christina Keskini,
  • Anne L. Coleman,
  • Alon Harris,
  • M. Roy Wilson,
  • Fei Yu,
  • Panayiota Founti,
  • Eleftherios Anastasopoulos,
  • Anna-Bettina Haidich,
  • Theofanis Pappas,
  • Georgios D. Panos,
  • Angelakis Malamas,
  • Pelagia Kalouda,
  • Vasileios Kilintzis,
  • Angeliki Salonikiou,
  • Archimidis Koskosas,
  • Fotis Topouzis

摘要

Objective

To estimate DR prevalence, risk factors, and undiagnosed disease in the Thessaloniki Eye Study.

Design

Cross-sectional, population-based study.

Setting

Community examinations and home visits in Thessaloniki, Greece.

Participants

Adults aged 60 years or older; 2468 with gradable fundus data or fundus examination were analysed.

Exposures

Self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM), demographics, ocular/systemic history, and lifestyle factors.

Main outcomes and measures

DR prevalence/severity graded from fundus photographs using a modified Airlie House system; clinically significant macular oedema (CSMO), vision-threatening retinopathy (VTR), and DR risk factors.

Results

Among 2468 participants, DR prevalence was 6.9% (170/2468; 95% CI, 6.0%–8.0%). Among 352 participants with self-reported diabetes, 31.0% (109/352; 95% CI, 26.4%–36.0%) had DR; mild, moderate, severe non-proliferative DR, and proliferative DR were observed in 13.6%, 7.1%, 7.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. CSMO and VTR were present in 6.5% and 11.9%, respectively. Increased DR risk was associated with male gender (OR = 2.64), insulin therapy (OR = 4.87), and longer antihyperglycaemic treatment duration (OR = 1.05/year). Lower DR risk was associated with older age (OR = 0.87/year), regular alcohol intake (OR = 0.39), and migraines with aura (OR = 0.11). Among participants with DR, 73.9% were unaware of their diagnosis.

Conclusions

DR affected nearly one-third of participants with diabetes, and most DR cases were undiagnosed. These findings support improved DR screening and education in older Greek adults.