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Background <p>Mortality patterns for malignant neoplasms of the eye and adnexa remain under-described at the national scale.</p> Methods <p>Using CDC WONDER (1999–2023), we identified U.S. decedents aged ≥25 years with ICD-10 C69 as the underlying cause. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR; per 100,000, 2000 U.S. standard) and trends were assessed with Joinpoint regression; analyses were stratified by sex, age, census region, urbanisation, place of death, and education.</p> Results <p>National AAMR rose from 0.12 (95% CI: 0.10–0.14) in 1999 to 0.16 (0.14–0.17) in 2023 (peak 2021), yielding a significant monotonic increase. (Annual percent change, APC, +1.34%; 95% CI: 0.92–1.76; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Male AAMR exceeded female AAMR, but the relative rise was steeper in females (APC 1.80% vs. 1.16%). Regional disparities were pronounced (West highest, Northeast lowest), with a post-2016 acceleration in the South. Metropolitan areas showed a modest but significant increase; nonmetropolitan trends were volatile and not statistically significant. From 1999 to 2020, home and hospice deaths increased while hospital deaths were comparatively stable. Education-related differences narrowed slightly in 2021–2023 but remain uncertain. State-level estimates were sparse and unstable due to suppression.</p> Conclusions <p>U.S. mortality from ocular and adnexal cancers increased modestly over 1999–2023 with persistent sex, regional, and urban–rural disparities. Findings support registry linkages and targeted prevention, referral, and palliative strategies, and offer a suppression-aware template for international surveillance.</p>

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Demographic trends and geographic disparities in malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa-related mortality in the United States, 1999–2023

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Danyi Li,
  • Yifan Bi,
  • Haofang Qin,
  • Qun Zhou,
  • Dong Liu

摘要

Background

Mortality patterns for malignant neoplasms of the eye and adnexa remain under-described at the national scale.

Methods

Using CDC WONDER (1999–2023), we identified U.S. decedents aged ≥25 years with ICD-10 C69 as the underlying cause. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR; per 100,000, 2000 U.S. standard) and trends were assessed with Joinpoint regression; analyses were stratified by sex, age, census region, urbanisation, place of death, and education.

Results

National AAMR rose from 0.12 (95% CI: 0.10–0.14) in 1999 to 0.16 (0.14–0.17) in 2023 (peak 2021), yielding a significant monotonic increase. (Annual percent change, APC, +1.34%; 95% CI: 0.92–1.76; p < 0.001). Male AAMR exceeded female AAMR, but the relative rise was steeper in females (APC 1.80% vs. 1.16%). Regional disparities were pronounced (West highest, Northeast lowest), with a post-2016 acceleration in the South. Metropolitan areas showed a modest but significant increase; nonmetropolitan trends were volatile and not statistically significant. From 1999 to 2020, home and hospice deaths increased while hospital deaths were comparatively stable. Education-related differences narrowed slightly in 2021–2023 but remain uncertain. State-level estimates were sparse and unstable due to suppression.

Conclusions

U.S. mortality from ocular and adnexal cancers increased modestly over 1999–2023 with persistent sex, regional, and urban–rural disparities. Findings support registry linkages and targeted prevention, referral, and palliative strategies, and offer a suppression-aware template for international surveillance.