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Background <p>Moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) infants (i.e., &lt;37 weeks’ gestation) are at risk for suboptimal neonatal nutrition and growth. We compared anthropometry and body composition at 24 months corrected age (CA; i.e., after term equivalent age (TEA)) between MLP infants fed either an isocaloric, protein- and mineral-enriched post-discharge formula (PDF) or standard term formula (STF) between TEA and 6 months CA.</p> Methods <p>After enrollment (≤7 d postpartum), MLP infants received PDF if (fortified) mother’s own milk was insufficient. At TEA, those receiving &gt;25% of intake as formula were randomized to either continue the same PDF or switch to STF until 6 months CA. At 24 months CA, anthropometry was assessed and air-displacement plethysmography was used to estimate body composition.</p> Results <p>From the original study (<i>n</i> = 157), only 64 infants had anthropometry assessed and 34 infants had body composition estimated at 24 months CA. At the follow-up visit, PDF-fed infants had slightly larger head circumference compared to STF-fed infants (49.0 ± 1.5 and 48.3 ± 1.5 cm, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Despite similar total body weight at 24 months CA, PDF-fed infants had lower fat mass and higher fat-free mass compared to STF-fed infants (fat mass: 2392 ± 923 and 3615 ± 1359 g; fat-free mass: 10461 ± 1030 and 10108 ± 1700 g; respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>Providing MLP infants with PDF for 6 months after TEA was associated with lower fat mass and higher fat-free mass, with similar bodyweights at 24 months CA compared to those fed STF. Our findings should be interpreted cautiously, due to high loss-to-follow-up.</p>

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Long-term growth effects of post-discharge formula in moderate-to-late preterm infants: follow-up at 24 months corrected age of a randomized controlled trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Jacqueline Muts,
  • Charlotte A. Ruys,
  • Martijn J. J. Finken,
  • Joost Rotteveel,
  • Johannes B. van Goudoever,
  • Chris H. P. van den Akker,
  • Monique van de Lagemaat,
  • Chris H. P. van den Akker,
  • Monique van de Lagemaat,
  • Charlotte A. Ruys,
  • Nathalie S. Schrijver-Levie,
  • Venje Boonstra,
  • Jeannette S. von Lindern,
  • Peter de Winter,
  • Monique J. van Brakel,
  • Aernoud J. Drewes,
  • Matthijs Westra

摘要

Background

Moderate-to-late preterm (MLP) infants (i.e., <37 weeks’ gestation) are at risk for suboptimal neonatal nutrition and growth. We compared anthropometry and body composition at 24 months corrected age (CA; i.e., after term equivalent age (TEA)) between MLP infants fed either an isocaloric, protein- and mineral-enriched post-discharge formula (PDF) or standard term formula (STF) between TEA and 6 months CA.

Methods

After enrollment (≤7 d postpartum), MLP infants received PDF if (fortified) mother’s own milk was insufficient. At TEA, those receiving >25% of intake as formula were randomized to either continue the same PDF or switch to STF until 6 months CA. At 24 months CA, anthropometry was assessed and air-displacement plethysmography was used to estimate body composition.

Results

From the original study (n = 157), only 64 infants had anthropometry assessed and 34 infants had body composition estimated at 24 months CA. At the follow-up visit, PDF-fed infants had slightly larger head circumference compared to STF-fed infants (49.0 ± 1.5 and 48.3 ± 1.5 cm, p < 0.05). Despite similar total body weight at 24 months CA, PDF-fed infants had lower fat mass and higher fat-free mass compared to STF-fed infants (fat mass: 2392 ± 923 and 3615 ± 1359 g; fat-free mass: 10461 ± 1030 and 10108 ± 1700 g; respectively, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Providing MLP infants with PDF for 6 months after TEA was associated with lower fat mass and higher fat-free mass, with similar bodyweights at 24 months CA compared to those fed STF. Our findings should be interpreted cautiously, due to high loss-to-follow-up.