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<p>Natural rubber (NR) is among the most widely used natural polymers and is usually vulcanized for heavy-duty applications, making biodegradation difficult. In this work, biodegradable materials that can be used in heavy-duty applications were synthesized based on graft-copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate on NR in the latex stage, followed by coprecipitation with cellulose. The obtained material was buried in natural soil to evaluate its degradation over time through changes in weight, structure, morphology, and properties. Characterization of the samples before and after degradation was performed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile strength measurement, and weight loss evaluation. It was found that cellulose did not have a considerable effect on the material morphology, crosslink density, or tensile strength, since all the samples had a tensile strength exceeding 20 MPa. However, cellulose altered the degradation pathway and significantly accelerated the decomposition of the material in soil. The degradation pathways of the materials were proposed. An equation for calculating the degradation rate was established. The resulting materials with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% cellulose were completely degraded after 20 months, 13.5 months, 10 months, and 9.5 months, respectively.</p>

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Improvement in the biodegradability of natural rubber-graft-(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/cellulose blend in natural soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Tan Long Nguyen,
  • Anh Duc Vu,
  • Xuan Quynh Ngo,
  • Trong Huyen Le,
  • Seiichi Kawahara,
  • Thu Ha Nguyen

摘要

Natural rubber (NR) is among the most widely used natural polymers and is usually vulcanized for heavy-duty applications, making biodegradation difficult. In this work, biodegradable materials that can be used in heavy-duty applications were synthesized based on graft-copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate on NR in the latex stage, followed by coprecipitation with cellulose. The obtained material was buried in natural soil to evaluate its degradation over time through changes in weight, structure, morphology, and properties. Characterization of the samples before and after degradation was performed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile strength measurement, and weight loss evaluation. It was found that cellulose did not have a considerable effect on the material morphology, crosslink density, or tensile strength, since all the samples had a tensile strength exceeding 20 MPa. However, cellulose altered the degradation pathway and significantly accelerated the decomposition of the material in soil. The degradation pathways of the materials were proposed. An equation for calculating the degradation rate was established. The resulting materials with 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% cellulose were completely degraded after 20 months, 13.5 months, 10 months, and 9.5 months, respectively.