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<p>Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that transactivates genes associated with a wide range of biological processes, including immune responses, inflammation, cell growth and survival. Dysregulated NF-κB activation contributes to acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, mostly through the aberrant induction of genes encoding proinflammatory factors and metabolic disorders. Abnormal NF-κB activation also influences the development and stability of regulatory T cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Given the critical role of inflammation in promoting oncogenesis, the proinflammatory role of NF-κB is also linked to cancer development. In addition, aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and therapy resistance. These pathological functions of NF-κB highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for both inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the role of NF-κB in these pathological processes and discuss the underlying mechanisms. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the NF-κB pathway for disease treatment, along with an analysis of possible challenges.</p>

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NF-κB in inflammation and cancer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • Hongmei Mao,
  • Xiaocui Zhao,
  • Shao-cong Sun

摘要

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that transactivates genes associated with a wide range of biological processes, including immune responses, inflammation, cell growth and survival. Dysregulated NF-κB activation contributes to acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, mostly through the aberrant induction of genes encoding proinflammatory factors and metabolic disorders. Abnormal NF-κB activation also influences the development and stability of regulatory T cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Given the critical role of inflammation in promoting oncogenesis, the proinflammatory role of NF-κB is also linked to cancer development. In addition, aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, metastasis, tumor angiogenesis and therapy resistance. These pathological functions of NF-κB highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for both inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the role of NF-κB in these pathological processes and discuss the underlying mechanisms. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting the NF-κB pathway for disease treatment, along with an analysis of possible challenges.