<p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and play critical roles in various cellular processes. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, which is the leading cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. These molecules influence key pathological mechanisms, including lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and plaque stability. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in atherosclerosis-induced cardiac and cerebral infarction and explores their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss emerging miRNA-based interventions, such as miRNA mimics and inhibitors, which offer promising strategies for disease prevention and treatment. Understanding the regulatory functions of miRNAs in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events may provide new insights for developing innovative therapies aimed at reducing the burden of atherosclerosis-related diseases.</p>