<p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has shown remarkable curative effects on hematological tumors, driving the exponential growth in CAR-T-related research. Although CD19-targeting CAR-T-cell therapy has displayed remarkable promise in clinical trials, many obstacles are arising that limit its therapeutic efficacy in tumor immunotherapy. The “dilemma” of CAR-T cell-based tumor therapy includes lethal cytotoxicity, restricted trafficking, limited tumor infiltration, an immunosuppressive microenvironment, immune resistance and limited potency. The solution to CAR-T-cell therapy’s dilemma requires interdisciplinary strategies, including synthetic biology-based ON/OFF switch, bioinstructive scaffolds, nanomaterials, oncolytic viruses, CRISPR screening, intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. In this review, we will introduce and summarize these interdisciplinary-based innovative technologies for the next generation CAR-T-cell design and delivery to overcome the key barriers of current CAR-T cells.</p>

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CAR-T therapy dilemma and innovative design strategies for next generation

  • Zhiwei Wang,
  • Peixian Li,
  • Xiaoyu Zeng,
  • Jing Guo,
  • Cheng Zhang,
  • Zusen Fan,
  • Zhiwei Wang,
  • Pingping Zhu,
  • Zhenzhen Chen

摘要

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has shown remarkable curative effects on hematological tumors, driving the exponential growth in CAR-T-related research. Although CD19-targeting CAR-T-cell therapy has displayed remarkable promise in clinical trials, many obstacles are arising that limit its therapeutic efficacy in tumor immunotherapy. The “dilemma” of CAR-T cell-based tumor therapy includes lethal cytotoxicity, restricted trafficking, limited tumor infiltration, an immunosuppressive microenvironment, immune resistance and limited potency. The solution to CAR-T-cell therapy’s dilemma requires interdisciplinary strategies, including synthetic biology-based ON/OFF switch, bioinstructive scaffolds, nanomaterials, oncolytic viruses, CRISPR screening, intestinal microbiota and its metabolites. In this review, we will introduce and summarize these interdisciplinary-based innovative technologies for the next generation CAR-T-cell design and delivery to overcome the key barriers of current CAR-T cells.