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<p>Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) profoundly reshapes the gut microbiome (GM), yet age-related differences in this process remain incompletely understood. In this study, we analyzed stool samples from a cohort of pediatric and adult patients collected before allo-HSCT and at neutrophil engraftment to assess GM dynamics. We observed a significant reduction in alpha diversity post-HSCT across both age groups, with young patients displaying notably lower biodiversity. While GM composition varies among age ranges before transplantation, these distinctions largely disappeared at neutrophil engraftment, indicating a convergence toward a more uniform <i>“transplant-specific”</i> signature. This shift entailed a loss of health-associated, butyrate-producing taxa and a rise in potentially opportunistic bacteria (e.g., <i>Enterococcaceae</i>, <i>Staphylococcaceae</i>). Low pre-allo-HSCT GM diversity correlated with an increased risk of clinically significant acute graft-versus-host disease, overwhelming the age differences, underscoring the clinical relevance of maintaining a balanced microbiome before transplantation. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of age in shaping the pre-transplant GM and reveal how allo-HSCT-driven factors homogenize microbial communities among age ranges, offering insights for future microbiome-targeted interventions to improve transplant outcomes.</p>

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation disrupts age-related gut microbiota signatures in pediatric and adult recipients

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Davide Leardini,
  • Marcello Roberto,
  • Sara Roggiani,
  • Edoardo Muratore,
  • Marco Fabbrini,
  • Gianluca Storci,
  • Enrica Tomassini,
  • Elisa Dan,
  • Angela Schipani,
  • Serena De Matteis,
  • Barbara Sinigaglia,
  • Daria Messelodi,
  • Nicola Salvatore Bertuccio,
  • Arcangelo Prete,
  • Patrizia Brigidi,
  • Francesca Bonifazi,
  • Riccardo Masetti

摘要

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) profoundly reshapes the gut microbiome (GM), yet age-related differences in this process remain incompletely understood. In this study, we analyzed stool samples from a cohort of pediatric and adult patients collected before allo-HSCT and at neutrophil engraftment to assess GM dynamics. We observed a significant reduction in alpha diversity post-HSCT across both age groups, with young patients displaying notably lower biodiversity. While GM composition varies among age ranges before transplantation, these distinctions largely disappeared at neutrophil engraftment, indicating a convergence toward a more uniform “transplant-specific” signature. This shift entailed a loss of health-associated, butyrate-producing taxa and a rise in potentially opportunistic bacteria (e.g., Enterococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae). Low pre-allo-HSCT GM diversity correlated with an increased risk of clinically significant acute graft-versus-host disease, overwhelming the age differences, underscoring the clinical relevance of maintaining a balanced microbiome before transplantation. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of age in shaping the pre-transplant GM and reveal how allo-HSCT-driven factors homogenize microbial communities among age ranges, offering insights for future microbiome-targeted interventions to improve transplant outcomes.