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<p>Approximately 23% of the men and women who participated in rescue and recovery efforts at the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) site experience persistent, clinically significant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrate significant neural differences between WTC responders with and without PTSD. Here, we used brain age, a novel MRI-based data-driven biomarker optimized to detect accelerated structural aging and examined the impact of PTSD on this process. Using BrainAgeNeX, a novel convolutional neural network that bypasses brain parcellation and has been trained and validated on over 11,000 T1-weighted MRI scans, we predicted brain age in WTC responders with PTSD (WTC-PTSD, <i>n</i> = 47) and age/sex matched responders without PTSD (non-PTSD, <i>n</i> = 52). Brain Age Difference (BAD) was then calculated for each WTC responder by subtracting chronological age from brain age. We found that BAD was significantly older in WTC-PTSD compared to non-PTSD responders (BAD<sub>no_PTSD</sub> = −0.43 y; BAD<sub>WTC_PTSD</sub> = 3.07 y; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Further, we found that WTC exposure duration (months working on site) moderates the association between PTSD and BAD (p = 0.005). Our results suggest that brain age is a relevant marker of structural damage in WTC responders with and without PTSD. PTSD may be a risk factor for accelerated aging in trauma-exposed populations.</p>

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MRI signature of brain age underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Azzurra Invernizzi,
  • Francesco La Rosa,
  • Anna Sather,
  • Elza Rechtman,
  • Ismail Nabeel,
  • R. Sean Morrison,
  • Alison C. Pellecchia,
  • Stephanie Santiago-Michels,
  • Evelyn J. Bromet,
  • Roberto G. Lucchini,
  • Benjamin J. Luft,
  • Sean A. Clouston,
  • Erin S. Beck,
  • Cheuk Y. Tang,
  • Megan K. Horton

摘要

Approximately 23% of the men and women who participated in rescue and recovery efforts at the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) site experience persistent, clinically significant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrate significant neural differences between WTC responders with and without PTSD. Here, we used brain age, a novel MRI-based data-driven biomarker optimized to detect accelerated structural aging and examined the impact of PTSD on this process. Using BrainAgeNeX, a novel convolutional neural network that bypasses brain parcellation and has been trained and validated on over 11,000 T1-weighted MRI scans, we predicted brain age in WTC responders with PTSD (WTC-PTSD, n = 47) and age/sex matched responders without PTSD (non-PTSD, n = 52). Brain Age Difference (BAD) was then calculated for each WTC responder by subtracting chronological age from brain age. We found that BAD was significantly older in WTC-PTSD compared to non-PTSD responders (BADno_PTSD = −0.43 y; BADWTC_PTSD = 3.07 y; p < 0.001). Further, we found that WTC exposure duration (months working on site) moderates the association between PTSD and BAD (p = 0.005). Our results suggest that brain age is a relevant marker of structural damage in WTC responders with and without PTSD. PTSD may be a risk factor for accelerated aging in trauma-exposed populations.