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Background <p>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant carbohydrates in human milk, providing infants with numerous health benefits, but it is not known whether maternal medications could affect them. We aimed to study the association between antidepressant and anti-inflammatory medication use and HMO composition in human milk.</p> Methods <p>This study included 544 human milk samples from the UC San Diego Human Milk Biorepository collected between October 2014 and November 2022 from participants treated with antidepressants, anti-inflammatories, or neither. Concentrations of 19 HMOs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared between groups stratified by secretor status.</p> Results <p>In secretors (<i>n</i> = 390), total HMO concentrations were significantly lower in samples exposed to antidepressants and anti-inflammatories than in unexposed samples, median (Interquartile Range [IQR]) 12.43 (5.32) and 12.71 (4.94) vs 16.10 (2.25) mmol/L, but not in non-secretors (<i>n</i> = 154). In both secretors and non-secretors, samples exposed to antidepressants had higher percentages of several fucosylated oligosaccharides than unexposed.</p> Conclusions <p>The HMO composition varied between human milk samples from mothers treated with antidepressant and anti-inflammatory medications and mothers treated with neither. Whether these associations are causal or could affect breastfed infants requires further investigation. The findings do not discourage the use of these medications during lactation.</p> Impact <p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>In human milk, maternal treatment with antidepressants and anti-inflammatories was associated with higher levels of several fucosylated oligosaccharides, particularly among antidepressant users, a trend toward lower sialylated and non-fucosylated, non-sialylated oligosaccharide levels, and lower total human milk oligosaccharide concentrations among secretors.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>It is unknown whether these associations are causal, and the overall clinical implications of these findings for the breastfed infant are not clear. Potential effects of maternal mood and inflammatory disorders also need to be clarified.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>These findings should not discourage the use of anti-inflammatory or antidepressant medication during lactation when the use is medically indicated.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p>

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Varied human milk oligosaccharides in human milk from mothers treated with antidepressants and anti-inflammatories

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Essi Whaites Heinonen,
  • Gretchen Bandoli,
  • Bianca Robertson,
  • Chloe Yonemitsu,
  • Lars Bode,
  • Hannah Riedy,
  • Kerri Bertrand,
  • Christina Chambers

摘要

Background

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant carbohydrates in human milk, providing infants with numerous health benefits, but it is not known whether maternal medications could affect them. We aimed to study the association between antidepressant and anti-inflammatory medication use and HMO composition in human milk.

Methods

This study included 544 human milk samples from the UC San Diego Human Milk Biorepository collected between October 2014 and November 2022 from participants treated with antidepressants, anti-inflammatories, or neither. Concentrations of 19 HMOs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared between groups stratified by secretor status.

Results

In secretors (n = 390), total HMO concentrations were significantly lower in samples exposed to antidepressants and anti-inflammatories than in unexposed samples, median (Interquartile Range [IQR]) 12.43 (5.32) and 12.71 (4.94) vs 16.10 (2.25) mmol/L, but not in non-secretors (n = 154). In both secretors and non-secretors, samples exposed to antidepressants had higher percentages of several fucosylated oligosaccharides than unexposed.

Conclusions

The HMO composition varied between human milk samples from mothers treated with antidepressant and anti-inflammatory medications and mothers treated with neither. Whether these associations are causal or could affect breastfed infants requires further investigation. The findings do not discourage the use of these medications during lactation.

Impact

In human milk, maternal treatment with antidepressants and anti-inflammatories was associated with higher levels of several fucosylated oligosaccharides, particularly among antidepressant users, a trend toward lower sialylated and non-fucosylated, non-sialylated oligosaccharide levels, and lower total human milk oligosaccharide concentrations among secretors.

It is unknown whether these associations are causal, and the overall clinical implications of these findings for the breastfed infant are not clear. Potential effects of maternal mood and inflammatory disorders also need to be clarified.

These findings should not discourage the use of anti-inflammatory or antidepressant medication during lactation when the use is medically indicated.