Background <p>Child cohort studies are important resources that can inform strategies to prevent adult noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Technological advances now enable direct measurement of NCD-relevant phenotypes at large scale. Across contemporary large child cohorts, we aimed to provide the first comprehensive map of NCD-relevant phenotype measurement and gaps.</p> Methods <p>We included cohorts with &gt;8000 child participants that were recruiting in whole or part after 2010 and measuring phenotypes relevant to ten high-burden NCDs. Our database and gray literature search identified 15 cohort studies for inclusion. Details on phenotype measurement (methods, age, location) are presented in an online, searchable inventory.</p> Results <p>All 15 cohorts measure body size or composition. Most cohorts measure aspects of cardiovascular health (<i>n</i> = 10) and neurocognition (<i>n</i> = 9). Fewer measure musculoskeletal phenotypes (<i>n</i> = 6), pulmonary function (<i>n</i> = 6), vision (<i>n</i> = 6) and glucose (<i>n</i> = 4). Only two cohorts measure hearing or kidney function.</p> Conclusions <p>Today’s childhood cohorts are not measuring some phenotypes important to global burden of disease, notably kidney function and hearing. Given the rarity of very large contemporary child cohorts, cross-cohort coordination will be required if all major NCD precursors are to be adequately represented for future benefit.</p> Impact <p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of NCD-relevant phenotype measurement across large, modern child cohort studies.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>This review has identified measurement gaps in important areas that may obviate steps to prevent and detect NCDs with high global disease burden.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Findings may inform planning of collaborative projects and future data collection to address measurement gaps for greatest future benefit.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p>