<p>Oxidative stress is an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in redox signaling that regulate various pathogenesis and cellular functions. Although advances in technology provide further knowledge for biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets of oxidative stress, it is still needed to validate them to apply in clinical relevance, diagnostics, and therapeutics. With these backgrounds, a clinical understanding of biomarkers and molecular mechanisms has been emphasized. In this review, we describe oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1 (OSGIN1), an oxidative stress response protein. Previous findings have provided evidence implicating the function of oxidative stress-dependent and -independent response in numerous chronic diseases and cancers. However, the functions and roles of OSGIN1 in tumorigenesis have not been appreciated yet. We highlight the cellular processes and functions dependent on the expression of OSGIN1 isoforms as well as the regulation of its expression by various cellular signaling pathways, especially in cancer. This review will provide an overview of the clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of OSGIN1.</p><p></p>