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<p>Recently, advances in human-machine interfaces have raised performance demands on flexible sensors. Achieving fast response, wide detection range, and high sensitivity remains a key challenge in flexible pressure sensor design. Here, we present a novel fully-porous flexible capacitive pressure sensor (FPFCPS) with a sandwich structure, comprising laser-induced Cu-composited graphene (LICuG) electrodes and a polyurethane foam dielectric layer modified with ionic liquid and coated with PVA hydrogel. The hierarchical porosity and conductivity of LICuG enable coupled mechanical interlocking and electronic polarization at the electrode-dielectric interface, improving interfacial contact, compressibility, and capacitive response. The sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 863.17 kPa⁻¹, a wide detection range (10 Pa–500 kPa), and a rapid response time of 5 ms, along with excellent flexibility and long-term stability. Notably, FPFCPS enables rapid tactile feedback and material recognition in dynamic robotic operations, offering high-resolution sensing in complex environments. This work represents the first application of LICuG in electric double-layer capacitance-pressure sensors and establishes a new structural design paradigm based on a fully porous architecture. It provides theoretical insights and practical strategies for advancing material development, mechanistic understanding, and implementation of intelligent sensing systems.</p><p></p>

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Laser-induced graphene/Cu-based fully-porous flexible capacitive pressure sensor with ultra-fast response and wide measurement range

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Yimeng Jiang,
  • Misheng Liang,
  • Ying Xie,
  • Ruige Su,
  • Bo Wang,
  • Fan Wu,
  • Xiaomeng Bian,
  • He Tian,
  • Rui You

摘要

Recently, advances in human-machine interfaces have raised performance demands on flexible sensors. Achieving fast response, wide detection range, and high sensitivity remains a key challenge in flexible pressure sensor design. Here, we present a novel fully-porous flexible capacitive pressure sensor (FPFCPS) with a sandwich structure, comprising laser-induced Cu-composited graphene (LICuG) electrodes and a polyurethane foam dielectric layer modified with ionic liquid and coated with PVA hydrogel. The hierarchical porosity and conductivity of LICuG enable coupled mechanical interlocking and electronic polarization at the electrode-dielectric interface, improving interfacial contact, compressibility, and capacitive response. The sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 863.17 kPa⁻¹, a wide detection range (10 Pa–500 kPa), and a rapid response time of 5 ms, along with excellent flexibility and long-term stability. Notably, FPFCPS enables rapid tactile feedback and material recognition in dynamic robotic operations, offering high-resolution sensing in complex environments. This work represents the first application of LICuG in electric double-layer capacitance-pressure sensors and establishes a new structural design paradigm based on a fully porous architecture. It provides theoretical insights and practical strategies for advancing material development, mechanistic understanding, and implementation of intelligent sensing systems.