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<p>We have engineered, fabricated, and qualified ZAPPI (<Emphasis Type="Underline">Z</Emphasis>onal <Emphasis Type="Underline">A</Emphasis>tmospheric <Emphasis Type="Underline">P</Emphasis>ressure <Emphasis Type="Underline">P</Emphasis>lasma <Emphasis Type="Underline">I</Emphasis>onizer), an array of hollow electrical discharge emitter micro needles for volatile organic compound ionization and detection. The device is optimized for portable applications requiring low power and trace analyte abundance. The 250 µm interelectrode gap requires just 1.1 mW, detecting analytes at <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\dot{m}=23{ng}{s}^{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> <mo>̇</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>23</mn> <mi mathvariant="italic">ng</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> mass flow rates. We further demonstrate ZAPPI’s efficacy by ionizing several compounds representing different point of detection applications. These compounds include DMMP a simulated chemical warfare nerve agent, 2-butanone a widely studied biomarker in exhaled breath, Methyl salicylate a flavoring agent, and Naphthalene a toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by-product in combustion. The wafer level fabrication of the ZAPPI device opens future possibilities for highly integrated trace gas detection lab on chip systems.</p><p></p>

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A silicon microneedle array atmospheric pressure plasma ionization source for real-time trace gas chemical analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Bradley S. Chew,
  • Dylan T. Koch,
  • Patrick Gibson,
  • Mitchell M. McCartney,
  • Eva Borras,
  • Nicholas J. Kenyon,
  • Cristina E. Davis

摘要

We have engineered, fabricated, and qualified ZAPPI (Zonal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Ionizer), an array of hollow electrical discharge emitter micro needles for volatile organic compound ionization and detection. The device is optimized for portable applications requiring low power and trace analyte abundance. The 250 µm interelectrode gap requires just 1.1 mW, detecting analytes at \(\dot{m}=23{ng}{s}^{-1}\) m ̇ = 23 ng s − 1 mass flow rates. We further demonstrate ZAPPI’s efficacy by ionizing several compounds representing different point of detection applications. These compounds include DMMP a simulated chemical warfare nerve agent, 2-butanone a widely studied biomarker in exhaled breath, Methyl salicylate a flavoring agent, and Naphthalene a toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by-product in combustion. The wafer level fabrication of the ZAPPI device opens future possibilities for highly integrated trace gas detection lab on chip systems.