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<p>Controlled rotation of single biological cells is significant for cellular biology and engineering. Here we present a light-driven and non-contact strategy that enables arbitrary-axis rotation of both spherical and anisotropic cells with real-time switching between distinct rotation modes (major-axis and minor-axis). The platform employs a Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-coated gold nano-island (AuNIs) plasmonic film to generate strong interfacial thermo-osmotic flow under laser illumination, while Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-induced depletion forces confine cells near the interface. For spherical particles, arbitrary-axis rotation is achieved using a single Gaussian beam, where spatial asymmetry in the thermo-osmotic flow determines the rotation axis. For anisotropic cells, different rotation modes are enabled by optical pattern reconfiguration. A Gaussian beam induces major-axis rotation, while a half-ring beam generates a combined optical and thermo-osmotic torque distribution that supports sustained minor-axis rotation. The rotation mode is reversibly switched solely through optical reconfiguration without mechanical intervention. This unified platform establishes geometry-independent, optically programmable rotational control, opening new opportunities for high-speed multi-angle cellular imaging and dynamic studies of cell-cell interactions.</p>

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Programmable rotation of single cells along arbitrary axes via opto-thermo-osmotic torque

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Siyuan Huang,
  • Zhihan Chen,
  • Yuebing Zheng

摘要

Controlled rotation of single biological cells is significant for cellular biology and engineering. Here we present a light-driven and non-contact strategy that enables arbitrary-axis rotation of both spherical and anisotropic cells with real-time switching between distinct rotation modes (major-axis and minor-axis). The platform employs a Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)-coated gold nano-island (AuNIs) plasmonic film to generate strong interfacial thermo-osmotic flow under laser illumination, while Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-induced depletion forces confine cells near the interface. For spherical particles, arbitrary-axis rotation is achieved using a single Gaussian beam, where spatial asymmetry in the thermo-osmotic flow determines the rotation axis. For anisotropic cells, different rotation modes are enabled by optical pattern reconfiguration. A Gaussian beam induces major-axis rotation, while a half-ring beam generates a combined optical and thermo-osmotic torque distribution that supports sustained minor-axis rotation. The rotation mode is reversibly switched solely through optical reconfiguration without mechanical intervention. This unified platform establishes geometry-independent, optically programmable rotational control, opening new opportunities for high-speed multi-angle cellular imaging and dynamic studies of cell-cell interactions.