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<p>Microvascular function and oxygen metabolism are central to tissue and organ health. However, label-free methods for imaging oxygen dynamics in three-dimensional (3D) microvascular networks at the level of single red blood cells (RBCs)—the fundamental units of oxygen transport in vivo—remain lacking. Here, we introduce super-resolution functional photoacoustic microscopy (SR-fPAM), which spatiotemporally tracks RBC movements under dual-wavelength excitation. SR-fPAM reconstructs super-resolved 3D microvascular architecture comparable to two-photon microscopy while providing quantitative measurements of RBC flow and oxygenation. In live mice, SR-fPAM revealed redistribution of oxygen and hemodynamics across 3D microvascular networks following a single-vessel stroke. These findings establish SR-fPAM as an enabling tool that bridges a critical gap in oxygen-metabolism imaging and opens new avenues for studying microvascular health and disease with unprecedented functional insights.</p><p></p>

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Super-resolution functional photoacoustic microscopy via label-free cell tracking

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Fenghe Zhong,
  • Zhuoying Wang,
  • Youngseop Lee,
  • Jiaxiao Han,
  • Naidi Sun,
  • Shuo Yang,
  • Shengyun Ji,
  • Hao F. Zhang,
  • Cheng Sun,
  • Song Hu

摘要

Microvascular function and oxygen metabolism are central to tissue and organ health. However, label-free methods for imaging oxygen dynamics in three-dimensional (3D) microvascular networks at the level of single red blood cells (RBCs)—the fundamental units of oxygen transport in vivo—remain lacking. Here, we introduce super-resolution functional photoacoustic microscopy (SR-fPAM), which spatiotemporally tracks RBC movements under dual-wavelength excitation. SR-fPAM reconstructs super-resolved 3D microvascular architecture comparable to two-photon microscopy while providing quantitative measurements of RBC flow and oxygenation. In live mice, SR-fPAM revealed redistribution of oxygen and hemodynamics across 3D microvascular networks following a single-vessel stroke. These findings establish SR-fPAM as an enabling tool that bridges a critical gap in oxygen-metabolism imaging and opens new avenues for studying microvascular health and disease with unprecedented functional insights.