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<p>The monolithic photonic-electronic integration is crucial for high-bandwidth optical communication and computing, while existing structures struggle to reconcile compact footprints with performance preservation. Here, graphene-integrated silicon nitride microtube whispering-gallery mode resonators, fabricated via wafer-level nanomembrane self-rolling process, are demonstrated for polarization optical modulation and photodetection in photonic-electronic synergy. The engineered lobe-shaped architecture in the microtube facilitates axial mode quantization, greatly enhancing the optical mode confinement and improving the quality factor. A balanced trade-off between photodetection efficiency and optical resonance is achieved by adjusting the coupling between graphene and microtube resonance, and graphene-integrated microtube resonators with lobe structure demonstrate an efficient optical resonance (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>Q</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 2008.36) and high photoresponsivity (2.80 A W<sup>−1</sup>). Furthermore, fourfold rotational symmetry breaking in microtubes presents a workable structural paradigm for the polarization-sensitive optical modulation and photodetection, overall characteristics presents a promising platform for optical manipulation and multidimensional detection of integrated photonic and optoelectronic systems.</p>

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Graphene-integrated microtube whispering-gallery mode resonators for polarization-sensitive optical modulation and photodetection

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月28日

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  • Tianjun Cai,
  • Ziyu Zhang,
  • Binmin Wu,
  • Jiayang You,
  • Zhi Zheng,
  • Yunqi Wang,
  • Changlu Bian,
  • Yang Wang,
  • Yuan Tian,
  • Yuhang Chi,
  • Qingyu Xiao,
  • Mingze Ma,
  • Li Chen,
  • Junhan Liu,
  • Xiang-zhong Chen,
  • Enming Song,
  • Jizhai Cui,
  • Gaoshan Huang,
  • Yongfeng Mei

摘要

The monolithic photonic-electronic integration is crucial for high-bandwidth optical communication and computing, while existing structures struggle to reconcile compact footprints with performance preservation. Here, graphene-integrated silicon nitride microtube whispering-gallery mode resonators, fabricated via wafer-level nanomembrane self-rolling process, are demonstrated for polarization optical modulation and photodetection in photonic-electronic synergy. The engineered lobe-shaped architecture in the microtube facilitates axial mode quantization, greatly enhancing the optical mode confinement and improving the quality factor. A balanced trade-off between photodetection efficiency and optical resonance is achieved by adjusting the coupling between graphene and microtube resonance, and graphene-integrated microtube resonators with lobe structure demonstrate an efficient optical resonance ( \(Q\) Q  = 2008.36) and high photoresponsivity (2.80 A W−1). Furthermore, fourfold rotational symmetry breaking in microtubes presents a workable structural paradigm for the polarization-sensitive optical modulation and photodetection, overall characteristics presents a promising platform for optical manipulation and multidimensional detection of integrated photonic and optoelectronic systems.