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<p>Integrated optical delay lines have become imperative to meet the growing demand as large aperture antennas and high number of subarrays required for microwave beamforming, high-speed optical communication, and integrated quantum photonics. It is very challenging to achieve large delay ranges, small footprints, and broad bandwidths simultaneously due to the strong trade-off between the propagation loss and the group refractive index of optical waveguides. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate multimode-enabled silicon photonic delay line for the first time, which breaks the delay-density limit of singlemode waveguide spirals, towards a broadband, mm<sup>2</sup>-scale, and ultra-large time delay. By demonstrating low-loss-propagation possibilities for different polarizations and modes, we introduce a novel multimode delay unit by integrating the mode (de)multiplexers and the ultralow-loss multimode waveguide spiral supporting the TE<sub>0</sub>, TE<sub>1</sub>, and TE<sub>2</sub> modes propagating in parallel. The measured propagation losses for the TE<sub>0</sub>, TE<sub>1</sub>, and TE<sub>2</sub> modes are 0.2 dB/cm, 0.31 dB/cm, and 0.49 dB/cm, respectively. In this way, the <i>highest</i> line delay-density of 376.9 ps/cm and low delay loss of 0.004 dB/ps are achieved. Furthermore, we implement a 7-bit tunable multimode photonic delay line and experimentally demonstrate an ultra-large delay range of 12.7 ns with a delay resolution of 100 ps and within an ultra-compact footprint of 3.85 mm<sup>2</sup>, enabling a delay density over 3299 ps/mm<sup>2</sup>, showing the <i>largest</i> delay range and the <i>highest</i> delay density among on-chip delay lines reported to date, to the best of our knowledge.</p>

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Multimode-enabled silicon photonic delay lines: break the delay-density limit

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月31日

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  • Shihan Hong,
  • Long Zhang,
  • Jiachen Wu,
  • Yingying Peng,
  • Linyan Lyu,
  • Yinpeng Hu,
  • Yiwei Xie,
  • Daoxin Dai

摘要

Integrated optical delay lines have become imperative to meet the growing demand as large aperture antennas and high number of subarrays required for microwave beamforming, high-speed optical communication, and integrated quantum photonics. It is very challenging to achieve large delay ranges, small footprints, and broad bandwidths simultaneously due to the strong trade-off between the propagation loss and the group refractive index of optical waveguides. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate multimode-enabled silicon photonic delay line for the first time, which breaks the delay-density limit of singlemode waveguide spirals, towards a broadband, mm2-scale, and ultra-large time delay. By demonstrating low-loss-propagation possibilities for different polarizations and modes, we introduce a novel multimode delay unit by integrating the mode (de)multiplexers and the ultralow-loss multimode waveguide spiral supporting the TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes propagating in parallel. The measured propagation losses for the TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes are 0.2 dB/cm, 0.31 dB/cm, and 0.49 dB/cm, respectively. In this way, the highest line delay-density of 376.9 ps/cm and low delay loss of 0.004 dB/ps are achieved. Furthermore, we implement a 7-bit tunable multimode photonic delay line and experimentally demonstrate an ultra-large delay range of 12.7 ns with a delay resolution of 100 ps and within an ultra-compact footprint of 3.85 mm2, enabling a delay density over 3299 ps/mm2, showing the largest delay range and the highest delay density among on-chip delay lines reported to date, to the best of our knowledge.