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Objective <p>To describe the incidence and risk factors of tracheitis following tracheostomy placement in infants.</p> Study design <p>We performed a 14-year (2010-2023) retrospective cohort study of infants with a tracheostomy placed in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The primary outcome was tracheitis, defined by a combination of microbial, laboratory, or clinical evidence.</p> Result <p>We identified 152 infants with a tracheostomy, of which 80 (52.6%) had post-operative tracheitis based on the study definition. Sixty-four (80%) infants with post-operative tracheitis had a positive tracheal colonization prior to tracheostomy. After controlling for demographics and variables associated with tracheitis in univariable analysis, days of pre-operative antibiotic administration was identified as protective against tracheitis (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.69, 0.93], <i>p</i> = 0.004) in a multivariable analysis.</p> Conclusion <p>The incidence of tracheitis in this cohort of infants following tracheostomy placement was 52.6%. Obtaining pre-operative tracheal cultures and initiating prophylactic antibiotics if positive may help prevent post-operative tracheitis.</p>

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Post-operative tracheitis in the NICU: incidence and risk factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Avery Forget,
  • Alexandra Armstrong,
  • Eileen Dewitt,
  • Laura Berbert,
  • Alexandra Cole,
  • Cheryl Toole,
  • Karen Watters,
  • Jonathan C. Levin,
  • Anne Hansen,
  • Michele DeGrazia

摘要

Objective

To describe the incidence and risk factors of tracheitis following tracheostomy placement in infants.

Study design

We performed a 14-year (2010-2023) retrospective cohort study of infants with a tracheostomy placed in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The primary outcome was tracheitis, defined by a combination of microbial, laboratory, or clinical evidence.

Result

We identified 152 infants with a tracheostomy, of which 80 (52.6%) had post-operative tracheitis based on the study definition. Sixty-four (80%) infants with post-operative tracheitis had a positive tracheal colonization prior to tracheostomy. After controlling for demographics and variables associated with tracheitis in univariable analysis, days of pre-operative antibiotic administration was identified as protective against tracheitis (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.69, 0.93], p = 0.004) in a multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

The incidence of tracheitis in this cohort of infants following tracheostomy placement was 52.6%. Obtaining pre-operative tracheal cultures and initiating prophylactic antibiotics if positive may help prevent post-operative tracheitis.