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Objective <p>To describe SARS-CoV-2 serologic status, associated factors, and neonatal transmission following gestational COVID-19.</p> Study design <p>Prospective cohort study including neonates born to mothers with gestational COVID-19 at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) between March 2020 and May 2022.</p> Results <p>A total of 263 infants and 261 mothers were included. High seropositivity was observed in infected mothers (88.9%) and their newborns (82.8%), particularly following early gestational and mild-to-moderate infections and among vaccinated mothers. Higher placental antibody transfer ratios were observed in earlier maternal infections. However, a longer infection-to-delivery interval increased transfer ratios only for anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. Neonatal antibodies persisted for at least six months. Only 6.1% of neonates born to mothers with active infection tested positive, with no evidence of congenital transmission.</p> Conclusions <p>SARS-CoV-2 antibody placental transfer is frequent and efficient, conferring passive immunity during the first six months of life. Neonatal infection rate was low and attributable to horizontal transmission.</p>

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Factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 placental antibody transfer and neonatal transmission. A prospective, cohort study and review of available literature

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Júlia Candel-Pau,
  • Sílvia Maya-Enero,
  • Jordi García-García,
  • Beatriz Valle-Del Barrio,
  • José Muñoz-Molinero,
  • Maria Ángeles López-Vílchez

摘要

Objective

To describe SARS-CoV-2 serologic status, associated factors, and neonatal transmission following gestational COVID-19.

Study design

Prospective cohort study including neonates born to mothers with gestational COVID-19 at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) between March 2020 and May 2022.

Results

A total of 263 infants and 261 mothers were included. High seropositivity was observed in infected mothers (88.9%) and their newborns (82.8%), particularly following early gestational and mild-to-moderate infections and among vaccinated mothers. Higher placental antibody transfer ratios were observed in earlier maternal infections. However, a longer infection-to-delivery interval increased transfer ratios only for anti-nucleocapsid antibodies. Neonatal antibodies persisted for at least six months. Only 6.1% of neonates born to mothers with active infection tested positive, with no evidence of congenital transmission.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 antibody placental transfer is frequent and efficient, conferring passive immunity during the first six months of life. Neonatal infection rate was low and attributable to horizontal transmission.