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Objective <p>To evaluate whether late-onset fetal growth restriction (LO-FGR) is associated with distinct alterations in cortical sulcation and midline brain structures compared with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriately grown (AGA) fetuses, and to examine how these changes relate to cerebroplacental redistribution.</p> Study design <p>This prospective cross-sectional study included 84 LO-FGR, 64 SGA, and 120 AGA fetuses examined between 32 and 36 weeks’ gestation. Targeted neurosonography assessed cortical sulcation, corpus callosum length, and cranio-cortical width, together with Doppler evaluation of the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR).</p> Results <p>LO-FGR fetuses demonstrated shallower Sylvian fissures, shorter corpus callosum length, increased insular depth, and wider lateral cranio-cortical width compared with both SGA and AGA fetuses (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). These neurosonographic differences were more pronounced in the presence of abnormal CPR.</p> Conclusion <p>LO-FGR is associated with specific cortical and midline brain alterations distinct from both SGA and AGA, with the severity of these changes modulated by cerebroplacental redistribution.</p>

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Fetal neurosonographic assessment of cortical development in late-onset Fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age fetuses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Miraç Özalp,
  • Murat İbrahim Toplu

摘要

Objective

To evaluate whether late-onset fetal growth restriction (LO-FGR) is associated with distinct alterations in cortical sulcation and midline brain structures compared with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and appropriately grown (AGA) fetuses, and to examine how these changes relate to cerebroplacental redistribution.

Study design

This prospective cross-sectional study included 84 LO-FGR, 64 SGA, and 120 AGA fetuses examined between 32 and 36 weeks’ gestation. Targeted neurosonography assessed cortical sulcation, corpus callosum length, and cranio-cortical width, together with Doppler evaluation of the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR).

Results

LO-FGR fetuses demonstrated shallower Sylvian fissures, shorter corpus callosum length, increased insular depth, and wider lateral cranio-cortical width compared with both SGA and AGA fetuses (all p < 0.001). These neurosonographic differences were more pronounced in the presence of abnormal CPR.

Conclusion

LO-FGR is associated with specific cortical and midline brain alterations distinct from both SGA and AGA, with the severity of these changes modulated by cerebroplacental redistribution.