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Introduction <p>The global rise in maternal obesity presents a growing public health challenge, with significant implications for pregnancy outcomes. This study offers a comprehensive retrospective analysis of changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) among pregnant women during labor over four decades.</p> Material and methods <p>BMI data were retrospectively collected from 13,193 pregnant women divided into three cohorts: Group 0 (1986–1990), Group 1 (2009–2013), and Group 2 (2024).</p> Results <p>Mean BMI increased significantly from 23.75 kg/m² in Group 0 to 27.33 kg/m² in Group 2 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of obesity rose more than fivefold, from 4.87% to 25.76%. Regression analysis confirmed a linear and statistically significant upward trajectory across all groups.</p> Conclusions <p>The sustained increase in maternal BMI underscores the urgency of implementing targeted interventions, including preconception counseling and personalized antenatal care, to mitigate the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with elevated BMI.</p>

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Changes in body mass index among pregnant women during labor over four decades: a retrospective longitudinal analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • Petra Gašparová,
  • Zuzana Ballová,
  • Martina Sitáš,
  • Erik Dosedla

摘要

Introduction

The global rise in maternal obesity presents a growing public health challenge, with significant implications for pregnancy outcomes. This study offers a comprehensive retrospective analysis of changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) among pregnant women during labor over four decades.

Material and methods

BMI data were retrospectively collected from 13,193 pregnant women divided into three cohorts: Group 0 (1986–1990), Group 1 (2009–2013), and Group 2 (2024).

Results

Mean BMI increased significantly from 23.75 kg/m² in Group 0 to 27.33 kg/m² in Group 2 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of obesity rose more than fivefold, from 4.87% to 25.76%. Regression analysis confirmed a linear and statistically significant upward trajectory across all groups.

Conclusions

The sustained increase in maternal BMI underscores the urgency of implementing targeted interventions, including preconception counseling and personalized antenatal care, to mitigate the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with elevated BMI.