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Background <p>Obesity is a complex metabolic condition with a disproportionate impact among African American youth. Metabolomic profiling enables high-resolution mapping of obesity-related biochemical changes across metabolic pathways.</p> Methods <p>We analyzed 551 African American pediatric participants (aged 2–21 years) recruited at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between 2002 and 2020. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 86 participants, including 62 of 309 individuals with overweight or obesity (20%). Plasma metabolites were quantified using the Nightingale NMR platform. Obesity was defined using age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles.</p> Results <p>A total of 142 individual metabolite markers and ratios were significantly associated with obesity (FDR &lt; 0.05). Obesity‑related metabolic changes were characterized by elevated branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, GlycA, and triglyceride-rich VLDL subclasses, along with reduced Gly, large HDL particles, and cholesterol-enriched lipoproteins. Global enrichment analysis identified a significant overrepresentation of nominally significant interactions with vitamin D deficiency (<i>p</i> &lt; 2.2 × 10<sup>−</sup>¹⁶).</p> Conclusions <p>Obesity in African American youth is linked to widespread metabolic remodeling across amino acid, lipid, and inflammatory pathways, reflecting core features of cardiometabolic risk. Vitamin D status may also influence these responses, suggesting a potential role in modifying obesity-related risk. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and prevention strategies and point to vitamin D as a possible target for future investigation.</p>

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Metabolic remodeling and the modulatory role of vitamin D deficiency in African American children and adolescents with obesity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Hui-Qi Qu,
  • John J. Connolly,
  • Frank Mentch,
  • Joseph Glessner,
  • Hakon Hakonarson

摘要

Background

Obesity is a complex metabolic condition with a disproportionate impact among African American youth. Metabolomic profiling enables high-resolution mapping of obesity-related biochemical changes across metabolic pathways.

Methods

We analyzed 551 African American pediatric participants (aged 2–21 years) recruited at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between 2002 and 2020. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 86 participants, including 62 of 309 individuals with overweight or obesity (20%). Plasma metabolites were quantified using the Nightingale NMR platform. Obesity was defined using age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles.

Results

A total of 142 individual metabolite markers and ratios were significantly associated with obesity (FDR < 0.05). Obesity‑related metabolic changes were characterized by elevated branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, GlycA, and triglyceride-rich VLDL subclasses, along with reduced Gly, large HDL particles, and cholesterol-enriched lipoproteins. Global enrichment analysis identified a significant overrepresentation of nominally significant interactions with vitamin D deficiency (p < 2.2 × 10−¹⁶).

Conclusions

Obesity in African American youth is linked to widespread metabolic remodeling across amino acid, lipid, and inflammatory pathways, reflecting core features of cardiometabolic risk. Vitamin D status may also influence these responses, suggesting a potential role in modifying obesity-related risk. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and prevention strategies and point to vitamin D as a possible target for future investigation.