Background/obejctive <p>Although the high-protein diets (HPDs) on weight control and body composition management are well investigated, mix results have been reported across studies and this variability may be attributed to differences in the composition of other macronutrients within HPDs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of HPDs with varied macronutrient compositions on body composition and cardiometabolic health outcomes through a systematic review, pairwise, and network meta-analysis.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive search of four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. A total of 83 articles were selected for systematic review and both meta-analyses.</p> Results <p>Significant reduction in body mass (BM) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.25; 95% CI: −0.40, −0.11), body mass index (BMI) (SMD = −0.26; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.15), waist circumference (WC) (SMD = −0.19; 95% CI: −0.33, −0.04), fat mass (FM) (mean difference [MD] = −0.64 kg; 95% CI: −0.98, −0.29), along with increase in lean body mass (LBM) (MD = 0.34 kg; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.57) were observed with HPDs regiments compared to normal-protein diets. Specifically, the high-protein, moderate-carbohydrate and high-fat diet ranked the best in reducing BM, BMI, WC, FM, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and increasing LBM; while the high-protein, low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet obtained the highest score in reducing triglyceride and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.</p> Conclusion <p>HPDs effectively reduce FM and increase LBM, and offers potential cardiometabolic benefits. Additionally, the manipulation of carbohydrate content in HPDs may further influence these outcomes.</p> Registration <p>PROSPERO (CRD42023483907).</p>