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<p>To investigate the lacquer craft of the Xiaotaoyuan Cemetery in Rizhao, Shandong, China, five fabric-core lacquerware fragments from Tombs M108, M114, and M146 were comprehensively analyzed using multiple analytical methods, including optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and THM-Py-GC/MS. The results reveal a multi-layered structure consisting of a fabric core, a ground layer, a finish layer, and a pigment layer. The lacquer layer thickness varies by vessel type and specific parts of the object. The ground layer is composed of clay minerals dominated by fine quartz (SiO₂) particles, mixed with carbon black. No pigment was added in the black finish layer, indicating that the black appearance originates from the natural optical properties of the lacquer itself. Cinnabar (HgS) was identified in the red pigment layer. The lacquer sap was Chinese lacquer (urushi), and linseed oil was also present in the lacquer.</p>

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Multi-analytical investigation of Western Han fabric-core lacquerware from the Xiaotaoyuan Cemetery, Rizhao, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Huimin Hu,
  • Lupeng Chu,
  • Cunchong Sun,
  • Jinfeng Li,
  • Chuanliang Yin,
  • Xiaopan Fan

摘要

To investigate the lacquer craft of the Xiaotaoyuan Cemetery in Rizhao, Shandong, China, five fabric-core lacquerware fragments from Tombs M108, M114, and M146 were comprehensively analyzed using multiple analytical methods, including optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and THM-Py-GC/MS. The results reveal a multi-layered structure consisting of a fabric core, a ground layer, a finish layer, and a pigment layer. The lacquer layer thickness varies by vessel type and specific parts of the object. The ground layer is composed of clay minerals dominated by fine quartz (SiO₂) particles, mixed with carbon black. No pigment was added in the black finish layer, indicating that the black appearance originates from the natural optical properties of the lacquer itself. Cinnabar (HgS) was identified in the red pigment layer. The lacquer sap was Chinese lacquer (urushi), and linseed oil was also present in the lacquer.