<p>The spatial form of traditional Chinese villages is the outcome of long-term adaptation to natural and cultural environments, carrying heritage value. While there has been a lack of nuanced understanding of traditional Chinese village morphology that can inform conservation and planning strategies, this study provides an integrated methodology to investigate the factors shaping village morphology and the ways in which these factors intertwine. Taking seven traditional Chinese villages on Xishan Island in Suzhou, China, as case studies, a quantitative analysis of spatial forms was conducted through the lens of ‘space gene’ theory. Three gene types were identified: terrace-aggregated foothill villages, axis-extended waterfront villages, and interwoven water-network villages. By focusing on spatial configuration and functional organisation, an interaction model was further developed to reveal the dynamic relationships among factors influencing village morphology. The findings provide insights for context-specific conservation strategies and contribute to the agenda of rural regeneration and revitalisation.</p>