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<p>Heritage buildings require decisions that balance preservation with contemporary needs, yet existing Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods inadequately capture expert hesitancy and criteria interdependencies. This study develops an integrated framework combining Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFS) with DEMATEL, ANP, and VIKOR for adaptive reuse decision-making under uncertainty, representing the first SFS application in heritage conservation. Applied to Samsarat al-Mansurah, a caravanserai in the UNESCO-listed Old City of Sana’a, Yemen, eight experts evaluated four reuse alternatives against thirteen sub-criteria across five categories via three stages: SF-DEMATEL (interdependency mapping), SF-ANP (weighting), and SF-VIKOR (ranking). Results identified Historical &amp; Cultural value (25.6%) and Architectural value (25.2%) as the most important criteria; the Traditional Crafts Market ranked first, with the Cultural Heritage Museum as a compromise alternative. The framework achieved superior Spearman reliability (<i>ρ</i> = 0.81) over Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS (<i>ρ</i> = 0.70), providing heritage practitioners with a robust, transparent decision-support tool transferable to diverse heritage contexts globally.</p>

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A spherical fuzzy DEMATEL–ANP–VIKOR framework for adaptive reuse decision support in heritage structures: evidence from a UNESCO-listed caravanserai

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Haitham A. Ashah,
  • Hongtao Liu,
  • Akram A. N. Alabsi,
  • Ghada A. Alssadah,
  • Amal S. M. Al hothaufi

摘要

Heritage buildings require decisions that balance preservation with contemporary needs, yet existing Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods inadequately capture expert hesitancy and criteria interdependencies. This study develops an integrated framework combining Spherical Fuzzy Sets (SFS) with DEMATEL, ANP, and VIKOR for adaptive reuse decision-making under uncertainty, representing the first SFS application in heritage conservation. Applied to Samsarat al-Mansurah, a caravanserai in the UNESCO-listed Old City of Sana’a, Yemen, eight experts evaluated four reuse alternatives against thirteen sub-criteria across five categories via three stages: SF-DEMATEL (interdependency mapping), SF-ANP (weighting), and SF-VIKOR (ranking). Results identified Historical & Cultural value (25.6%) and Architectural value (25.2%) as the most important criteria; the Traditional Crafts Market ranked first, with the Cultural Heritage Museum as a compromise alternative. The framework achieved superior Spearman reliability (ρ = 0.81) over Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS (ρ = 0.70), providing heritage practitioners with a robust, transparent decision-support tool transferable to diverse heritage contexts globally.