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<p>Stone materials in architecture are increasingly recognized as cultural and geological heritage, but preservation concerns often limit traditional sampling-based analyses. This study evaluates the utility of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) as a non-destructive method to identify three gabbroic stone materials used in the early 20th-century Japanese modern architecture by comparing them with stone blocks preserved by a historical stone company as reference samples. The results demonstrate that the stones can be successfully distinguished based on elemental ratios such as Rb/Sr and K₂O/CaO. In-situ analysis at a well-known modern building in Japan further confirms the practicality of this approach. The stone materials preserved from historical distribution proved effective for comparative geochemical analysis, particularly when the precise quarry location is unknown. The preservation and scientific study of these rare reference samples are vital not only for accurate provenance analysis but also for safeguarding the geological diversity embedded in architectural heritage.</p>

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Non-destructive identification of gabbroic building stone using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • Shoji Nishimoto,
  • Mutsuko Inui,
  • Tsutomu Nakazawa,
  • Amana Hiraga,
  • Hiroyuki Yamashita

摘要

Stone materials in architecture are increasingly recognized as cultural and geological heritage, but preservation concerns often limit traditional sampling-based analyses. This study evaluates the utility of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) as a non-destructive method to identify three gabbroic stone materials used in the early 20th-century Japanese modern architecture by comparing them with stone blocks preserved by a historical stone company as reference samples. The results demonstrate that the stones can be successfully distinguished based on elemental ratios such as Rb/Sr and K₂O/CaO. In-situ analysis at a well-known modern building in Japan further confirms the practicality of this approach. The stone materials preserved from historical distribution proved effective for comparative geochemical analysis, particularly when the precise quarry location is unknown. The preservation and scientific study of these rare reference samples are vital not only for accurate provenance analysis but also for safeguarding the geological diversity embedded in architectural heritage.