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<p>This study validates the safety and demonstrates the pioneering application of infrared thermography (IRT) in the conservation of Xuan paper used in Chinese paintings. Through controlled halogen lamp simulations replicating 0–1800 thermal excitation cycles, we systematically evaluated effects on the physicochemical properties of Xuan paper, including ΔE color change, crystallinity, oxidation index, pH, and whiteness. The results confirmed minimal material impact (≤2.45% reduction in crystallinity, 1.22 decrease in pH after maximum exposure), thereby establishing operational safety parameters. In its first documented application to Ming Dynasty Xuan paper artworks, IRT identified over 60 concealed reinforcement strips, surface defects, and ink distribution patterns in <i>Xishan Yuqiao Tu (Streams, Mountains, Fishermen and Woodcutters)</i>—features undetectable by conventional visual examination. The technology’s ability to differentiate material properties through thermography highlights its potential as a valuable complement to existing non-destructive analysis methods, offering technical capabilities for the conservation and restoration of traditional Chinese paintings.</p>

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Infrared thermography evaluation for Xuan Paper: safety validation and applications in Chinese painting conservation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月28日

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  • Sichen Yue,
  • Beichen Chen,
  • Xue Yang,
  • Haifeng Tang,
  • Zhi Yan,
  • Guan Wang,
  • Guangkuo Yuan

摘要

This study validates the safety and demonstrates the pioneering application of infrared thermography (IRT) in the conservation of Xuan paper used in Chinese paintings. Through controlled halogen lamp simulations replicating 0–1800 thermal excitation cycles, we systematically evaluated effects on the physicochemical properties of Xuan paper, including ΔE color change, crystallinity, oxidation index, pH, and whiteness. The results confirmed minimal material impact (≤2.45% reduction in crystallinity, 1.22 decrease in pH after maximum exposure), thereby establishing operational safety parameters. In its first documented application to Ming Dynasty Xuan paper artworks, IRT identified over 60 concealed reinforcement strips, surface defects, and ink distribution patterns in Xishan Yuqiao Tu (Streams, Mountains, Fishermen and Woodcutters)—features undetectable by conventional visual examination. The technology’s ability to differentiate material properties through thermography highlights its potential as a valuable complement to existing non-destructive analysis methods, offering technical capabilities for the conservation and restoration of traditional Chinese paintings.