<p>The conservation of cultural heritage, especially those derived from living organisms such as wood, paper and biological specimens, is of the utmost importance. This paper will examine how to create a practical low-oxygen environment to protect Japanese books (Wahon) from mold damage. While conventional gas fumigation is effective for the treatment of many materials, it poses significant risks to the environment and health and causes potential molecular changes to the materials. In this study, our aim is to develop an alternative method that reduces these drawbacks by using deaeration and deoxygenation techniques to create a low-oxygen environment. The effectiveness of these methods in preventing mold growth without harming the materials or the environment was evaluated. Introducing these new techniques will improve the preservation of valuable cultural assets, guarantee their longevity, and reduce the risks associated with traditional fumigation.</p>