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<p>Numerous tremolite jade artifacts from archaeological sites exhibit powdering damage, necessitating immediate consolidation. However, research on jade consolidants remains limited. Siloxane is a promising material, yet its effectiveness is hindered by high levels of non-silicate components, such as calcium and magnesium, in tremolite. In this study, mercapto-functionalized siloxane sols with varying mercapto group contents were synthesized via sol–gel chemistry using (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS), (3-aminopropyl) dimethoxymethylsilane (APDMOS), and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Their consolidation effects on tremolite jade were evaluated. Results showed that mercapto-functionalized siloxane exhibited stronger performance than non-functionalized siloxane. This improvement stems from its dual functionality: alkoxy groups undergo hydrolysis and polycondensation to form highly polymerized xerogels that fill microvoids, while thiol groups (–SH) coordinate with calcium and magnesium ions in tremolite, acting as a functional “glue” to bind particles. Mercapto-functionalization thus offers a promising strategy to optimize jade consolidation and improve compatibility with non-silicate substrates.</p>

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Mercapto-functionalized siloxane for enhanced conservation of tremolite jade artifacts

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月23日

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  • Zheng Li,
  • Jinshuai Hu,
  • Rong Wang,
  • Fanxing Bu,
  • Jizhong Huang

摘要

Numerous tremolite jade artifacts from archaeological sites exhibit powdering damage, necessitating immediate consolidation. However, research on jade consolidants remains limited. Siloxane is a promising material, yet its effectiveness is hindered by high levels of non-silicate components, such as calcium and magnesium, in tremolite. In this study, mercapto-functionalized siloxane sols with varying mercapto group contents were synthesized via sol–gel chemistry using (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS), (3-aminopropyl) dimethoxymethylsilane (APDMOS), and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Their consolidation effects on tremolite jade were evaluated. Results showed that mercapto-functionalized siloxane exhibited stronger performance than non-functionalized siloxane. This improvement stems from its dual functionality: alkoxy groups undergo hydrolysis and polycondensation to form highly polymerized xerogels that fill microvoids, while thiol groups (–SH) coordinate with calcium and magnesium ions in tremolite, acting as a functional “glue” to bind particles. Mercapto-functionalization thus offers a promising strategy to optimize jade consolidation and improve compatibility with non-silicate substrates.